Aims
Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050) is an international and cross-disciplinary scholarly, open access journal of environmental, cultural, economic and social sustainability of human beings, which provides an advanced forum for studies related to sustainability and sustainable development. It publishes reviews, regular research papers, communications and short notes, and there is no restriction on the length of the papers.
Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical research relating to natural sciences, social sciences and humanities in as much detail as possible in order to promote scientific predictions and impact assessments of global change and development. Full experimental and methodical details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.
There are, in addition, unique features of this journal:
manuscripts regarding research proposals and research ideas will be particularly welcomed
electronic files or software regarding the full details of the calculation and experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary material
we also accept manuscripts communicating to a broader audience with regard to research projects financed with public funds
Subject Areas
Challenges relating to sustainability
Air pollution and climate change
Water pollution and sanitation
Misuse of land
Desertification and drought
Industrial development and energy crisis
Toxic chemicals and hazardous and radioactive wastes
Population explosion and urbanization
Unsustainable patterns of production and consumption
Abandonment or loss of tradition, racial and national identity, culture, ethical standards, family solidarity, particularly during immigration or large scale foreign cultural influence, and its impact on cultural or social sustainability
Impact of globalization on local, national and regional sustainability and stability
Degradation of ecosystems and species, and concomitant risks to human well-being
Socio-economic, scientific and integrated approaches to sustainable development
Development and realization of national policies and international treaties for sustainable development
Implementation and monitoring of policies for sustainable development
Changing consumption and production patterns
Developments in cultural diversity, tradition, social systems, globalization, immigration and settlement, and their impact on cultural or social sustainability
Ethical and philosophical aspects of sustainable development
Education and awareness of sustainability
Impact of safety, security and disaster management on sustainability
Health-related aspects of sustainability
System analysis methods, including life cycle assessment and management
Sustainable chemistry
Sustainable utilization of resources such as land, water, atmosphere and other biological resources
New and renewable sources of energy
Sustainable energy preservation and regeneration methods
Land and aquatic ecosystems maintenance and biodiversity preservation
Quasi-environmental sustainability – short term measures and their long term effects
Effects of global climate change on development and sustainability
Other topics related to sustainability
Defining and quantifying sustainability
Measuring and monitoring sustainability
Sustainability tools
Applications of sustainability
Policies and laws relating to sustainability
Sustainability science

Editorial Board
Editorial Board
Sustainable Use of the Environment and Resources Section
Social Ecology and Sustainability Section
Economic, Business and Management Aspects of Sustainability Section
Sustainable Engineering and Science Section
Energy Sustainability Section
Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Section
Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Wildlife Section
Sustainable Education and Approaches Section
Sustainability of Culture and Heritage Section
Sustainable Chemistry Section
Sustainable Transportation Section
Human Geography and Social Sustainability Section
Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development Section
Editors (12)
Prof. Dr. Marc A. Rosen grade E-Mail Website 
Editor-in-Chief
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
Tel. 1 905 721-8668 
Interests: sustainability; sustainable development; energy; efficiency; environmental impact; economics; ecology; sustainable engineering and design
Special Issues and Collections in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Annamaria Di Fabio E-Mail Website 
Section Editor-in-Chief


Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology (Psychology Section), University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy
Interests: psychology of sustainability and sustainable development; cross-cultural positive psychology; prevention; work and organizational psychology; healthy organizations; talents; positive career outcomes; career decision-making; workplace relational civility; decent work; positive relational-management; intrapreneurial self-capital; entrepreneurship in a primary prevention perspective (at different stages); acceptance of change; project reflexivity; career counseling; guidance; resiliency; emotional intelligence; personality and individual differences
Special Issues and Collections in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Kerry Shephard E-Mail Website 
Section Editor-in-Chief


Higher Education Development Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Tel. 0064 3 479 8439 
Interests: Higher Education for Sustainable Development; education for sustainability; learning and teaching in the affective domain; academic integrity; global citizenship; higher education policy and practice
Prof. Tomonobu Senjyu E-Mail Website 
Section Editor-in-Chief


Faculty of Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
Tel. +81-98-895-8686 
Interests: power electronics; electronic machine; power system engineering; intelligent control engineering; renewable energy engineering; system optimization
Special Issues and Collections in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Manfred Max Bergman E-Mail Website 
Section Editor-in-Chief


Chair of Social Research and Methodology, Department of Social Sciences, University of Basel, Petersgraben 11, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
Interests: empirical research on society and economy, leadership, industry initiatives, sustainable consumption, mobility, and corporate responsibility
Special Issues and Collections in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Iain Gordon E-Mail Website 
Section Editor-in-Chief


Deputy Vice Chancellor, Tropical Environments & Societies, James Cook University, Townsville Qld 4811, Australia
Tel. +61-7-478-15039 
Interests: agricultural sustainability; community based conservation; restoration ecology; wildlife/livestock interactions; sustainable development; science/policy interface
Special Issues and Collections in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Giuseppe Ioppolo E-Mail Website 
Section Editor-in-Chief


Department of Economics, University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, Messina, Italy
Tel. +393473603908 
Interests: Environmental Management; Industrial Ecology; Environmental Governance; Local Development
Special Issues and Collections in MDPI journals
Dr. Derek J. McPhee E-Mail 
Section Editor-in-Chief


Senior Director, Technology Strategy, Amyris, Inc., 5885 Hollis St, Suite 100, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
Tel. +1 510 740 7418; Fax: +1 510 225 2645 
Interests: organic synthesis; medicinal chemistry; biotechnology
Prof. Vincenzo Torretta E-Mail Website 
Section Editor-in-Chief


Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University of Varese, via G.B. Vico 46, 21100 Varese, Italy
Interests: waste management; air quality management; human health risk assessment; water management; wastewater treatment; environmental engineering
Special Issues and Collections in MDPI journals
Prof. Tan Yigitcanlar E-Mail Website 
Section Editor-in-Chief


Department of Knowledge Engineering, School of Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Tel. +61 410 515 731 
Interests: smart and sustainable cities; urban innovation system; urban knowledge and innovation spaces; knowledge-based development
Special Issues and Collections in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Jonas Nielsen * E-Mail Website 
Associate Editor


IRI THESys, Humboldt University, Berlin 10099, Germany
Interests: social geography; teleconnections; place-based research
* Section "Social Ecology and Sustainability" 
Prof. Dr. Helmut Haberl * E-Mail Website 
Former Section Editor-in-Chief


Institute of Social Ecology, Alps Adria University, Faculty for Interdisciplinary Studies, Vienna, Austria
Tel. +43-1-5224000406 
Interests: Integrated land-change science, Socioeconomic metabolism, Human appropriation of net primary production, Long-term socio-ecological research, Climate-change mitigation in agriculture, forestry and other land use, Biomass and bioenergy
* founding editor of the section "Social Ecology and Sustainability" since 2014, termination of editorship: June 2019 
Editorial Board Members (1171)
Prof. Mark D. Abkowitz E-Mail Website 


Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
Interests: community and infrastructure resilience; climate adaptation; spatial analysis; supply chain; intelligent transportation systems; emergency management; risk assessment
Dr. Emmanuel K. Ackom E-Mail Website 


UNEP DTU Partnership, Denmark Technical University (DTU), UN City, Marmorvej 51, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
Interests: Intersection of clean energy policy, technologies, socio-economic development and environmental sustainability in energy transitions; Energy (in)accessibility to informal settlements in peri-urban communities in developing countries; food-energy-water-climate nexus; Modern bioenergy systems and environmental sustainability considerations; Institutional development of energy and low carbon development in countries; Energy justice
Prof. Muyiwa S Adaramola E-Mail Website 


Renewable Energy Research Group, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
Interests: renewable energy systems and technologies; wind energy resource assessment; wind turbine performance and wake; solar energy resource assessment and renewable energy based energy systems
Prof. Dr. Yusuf G. Adewuyi E-Mail Website 


Chemical, Biological and Bioengineering Department, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University (NCAT), Greensboro, NC, USA
Interests: emerging areas of energy and environment, including catalysis, environmental reaction engineering; sustainable chemistry and engineering, synthesis of nanoscale materials for energy and environmental applications; sonochemistry, cavitation engineering, and advanced oxidation processes for water treatment and air pollution control; chemistry and kinetics of NOx, SO2 and Hg removal; biofuel synthesis and biomass conversion; sustainable fuel desulfurization and natural gas upgrading
Special Issues and Collections in MDPI journals:
Special Issue in Sustainability: Sustainable Fuel Desulfurization and Natural Gas Upgrading
Dr. Paulus Aditjandra E-Mail Website 


Newcastle University Business School, 5 Barrack Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4SE, UK
Interests: city logistics; logistics and supply chain management; sustainable development; transport planning; transport policy; travel behaviour
Dr. Philipp Aerni E-Mail Website 


Director of Center for Corporate Responsibility and Sustainability (CCRS) at the University of Zurich, Zähringerstrasse 24 CH-8001 Zürich, Switzerland
Tel. +41 44 634 40 60; Fax: +41 44 634 49 00 
Interests: agricultural biotechnology; sustainable agriculture; political economy; environmental economics; stakeholder attitudes; consumer behavior; science and moral education
Special Issues and Collections in MDPI journals:
Special Issue in Sustainability: Biotechnology and Sustainable Development
Prof. Sheela Agarwal E-Mail Website 


School of Tourism & Hospitality, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
Interests: sustainable tourism; stakeholder assessment and involvement; authenticity; visitor management; dark tourism; co-creation; value creation
Prof. Dr. Spiros N. Agathos E-Mail Website 


1. Laboratoire de Génie Biologique, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 2, Boite L7.05.19, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium2. Escuela de Ciencias Βιοlógicas e Ingeniería/School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, San Miguel de Urcuquí Canton, Ecuador
Interests: biotechnology; biomass and bioenergy; bioremediation; algal technology; microbial ecology; waste management; wastewater treatment
Dr. Rimjhim Aggarwal E-Mail Website 


School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, PO Box 875502, Tempe, AZ 85287-5502, USA
Interests: agricultural sustainability; sustainable development; agricultural institutions and governance, farm livelihoods, food markets, water-food-energy nexus
Special Issues and Collections in MDPI journals:
Special Issue in Sustainability: Food-Energy-Water Nexus: Towards New Thinking and Action
Dr. Nesar Ahmed E-Mail Website 


Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2M6, Canada
Interests: Aquaculture, Climate Change, Environmental sustainability, Food security, Blue economy