Purpose Both theoretical models of infant language acquisition and empirical studies posit important roles for attention to speech in early language development. However, deaf infants with cochlear implants (CIs) show reduced attention to speech as compared with their peers with normal hearing (NH; Horn, Davis, Pisoni, & Miyamoto, 2005; Houston, Pisoni, Kirk, Ying, & Miyamoto, 2003), which may affect their acquisition of spoken language. The main purpose of this study was to determine (a) whether infant-directed speech (IDS) enhances attention to speech in infants with CIs, as compared with adult-directed speech (ADS), and (b) whether the degree to which infants with CIs pay attention to IDS is associated with later language outcomes. Method We tested 46 infants-12 prelingually deaf infants who received CIs before 24 months of age and had 12 months of hearing experience (CI group), 22 hearing experience-matched infants with NH (NH-HEM group), and 12 chronological age-matched infants with NH (NH-CAM group)-on their listening preference in 3 randomized blocks: IDS versus silence, ADS versus silence, and IDS versus ADS. We administered the Preschool Language Scale-Fourth Edition (PLS-4; Zimmerman, Steiner, & Pond, 2002) approximately 18 months after implantation to assess receptive and expressive language skills of infants with CIs. Results In the IDS versus silence block, all 3 groups looked significantly longer to IDS than to silence. In the ADS versus silence block, both the NH-HEM and NH-CAM groups looked significantly longer to ADS relative to silence; however, the CI group did not show any preference. In the IDS versus ADS block, whereas both the CI and NH-HEM groups preferred IDS over ADS, the NH-CAM group looked equally long to IDS and ADS. IDS preference quotient among infants with CIs in the IDS versus ADS block was associated with PLS-4 Auditory Comprehension and PLS-4 Expressive Communication measures. Conclusions Two major findings emerge: (a) IDS enhances attention to speech in deaf infants with CIs; (b) the degree of IDS preference over ADS relates to language development in infants with CIs. These results support a focus on input in developing intervention strategies to mitigate the effects of hearing loss on language development in infants with hearing loss.

中文翻译：

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婴幼儿定向语音可提高人工耳蜗植入式聋哑人对语音的注意力。

目的婴儿语言习得的理论模型和实证研究都为早期语言发展中注意言语发挥了重要作用。然而，与听力正常的同龄人相比，耳蜗植入（CIs）的聋婴对语音的关注度降低了（NH; Horn，Davis，Pisoni，＆Miyamoto，2005; Houston，Pisoni，Kirk，Ying，＆Miyamoto，2003） ，这可能会影响他们的口语习得。这项研究的主要目的是确定（a）与成人定向语音（ADS）相比，婴儿定向语音（IDS）是否能增强CI婴儿的注意力，以及（b）婴儿的程度如何带有CI的人注意IDS与以后的语言结果相关。方法我们测试了46例婴儿，其中12例舌前失聪的婴儿在24个月之前接受了CI，并具有12个月的听力经验（CI组），22例与听力经验相匹配的NH婴儿（NH-HEM组）和12例按年龄顺序在3个随机区组中，对患有NH的婴儿（NH-CAM组）进行听力偏好：IDS与沉默，ADS与沉默以及IDS与ADS。植入后大约18个月，我们进行了学前语言量表第四版（PLS-4； Zimmerman，Steiner和Pond，2002）的评估，以评估CI儿童的接受和表达语言能力。结果在IDS vs沉默组中，所有3组对IDS的观察明显比对沉默更长。在ADS相对于沉默的区域，相对于沉默，NH-HEM和NH-CAM组对ADS的看似更长。然而，CI组没有表现出任何偏好。在IDS与ADS的比较中，CI和NH-HEM组都比IDS优先选择IDS，而NH-CAM组对IDS和ADS的等待时间相同。IDS与ADS障碍中具有CI的婴儿中IDS偏好商与PLS-4听觉理解和PLS-4表达沟通措施相关。结论出现了两个主要发现：（a）IDS增强了CIs聋儿对语音的关注；（b）IDS优于ADS的程度与CI儿童的语言发展有关。这些结果支持着重于制定干预策略以减轻听力损失对有听力障碍的婴儿语言发展的影响的投入。NH-CAM小组对IDS和ADS的关注时间相同。IDS与ADS障碍中具有CI的婴儿中IDS偏好商与PLS-4听觉理解和PLS-4表达沟通措施相关。结论出现了两个主要发现：（a）IDS增强了CIs聋儿对语音的关注；（b）IDS优于ADS的程度与CI儿童的语言发展有关。这些结果支持着重于制定干预策略以减轻听力损失对有听力障碍的婴儿语言发展的影响的投入。NH-CAM小组对IDS和ADS的关注时间相同。IDS与ADS障碍中具有CI的婴儿中IDS偏好商与PLS-4听觉理解和PLS-4表达沟通措施相关。结论出现了两个主要发现：（a）IDS增强了CIs聋儿对语音的关注；（b）IDS优于ADS的程度与CI儿童的语言发展有关。这些结果支持着重于制定干预策略以减轻听力损失对有听力障碍的婴儿语言发展的影响的投入。（a）IDS增强了对具有CI的聋儿的言语关注；（b）IDS优于ADS的程度与CI儿童的语言发展有关。这些结果支持着重于制定干预策略以减轻听力损失对有听力障碍的婴儿语言发展的影响的投入。（a）IDS增强了对具有CI的聋儿的言语关注；（b）IDS优于ADS的程度与CI儿童的语言发展有关。这些结果支持着重于制定干预策略以减轻听力损失对听力下降婴儿语言发展的影响。