The relationship between economic development and energy consumption has important policy and geopolitical implications intersecting with future energy demand, economic growth and climate change. All countries in the GCC share a common goal to transition to economies less reliant on oil and gas. As part of this transition diversification and energy efficiency strategies have become major strategic priorities. If successful, such policies are likely to significantly change the relationship between domestic energy consumption and GDP. To inform discussion on this topic, this paper assesses the relationship between energy consumption at a sector level and GDP in the GCC relative to a reference group of OECD countries. While there is variation within each grouping and across sectors, the clear result is that energy consumption and economic growth are strongly linked to all sectors in the GCC. This is in contrast to the OECD group where energy and GDP have decoupled. These results highlight both the scope for further improvement in energy efficiency and the need for deeper integration of energy-intensive industry and higher value-added activities and services. We suggest a greater focus on energy productivity—or how maximum value can be obtained from energy consumption—can help guide industrial policy and increase the profile of energy efficiency efforts across the GCC.

中文翻译：

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海湾合作委员会的经济发展和能源消耗：国际部门分析

经济发展与能源消费之间的关系具有重要的政策和地缘政治含义，与未来的能源需求，经济增长和气候变化相交。海湾合作委员会的所有国家都有一个共同目标，即向不太依赖石油和天然气的经济转型。作为过渡的一部分，多元化和能效战略已成为主要的战略重点。如果成功，这些政策可能会大大改变国内能源消耗与GDP之间的关系。为了给有关该主题的讨论提供参考，本文评估了海湾合作委员会国家相对于经合组织国家参考群体的部门水平能耗与GDP之间的关系。虽然每个分组内以及跨部门存在差异，显而易见的结果是，能源消耗和经济增长与海湾合作委员会的所有部门都息息相关。这与经合组织的能源和国内生产总值脱钩的情况形成鲜明对比。这些结果既凸显了进一步提高能源效率的范围，也凸显了对能源密集型行业和更高附加值的活动与服务进行更深入整合的需求。我们建议更多地关注能源生产率（或如何从能源消耗中获得最大价值）可以帮助指导产业政策，并提高整个海湾合作委员会能源效率工作的知名度。这些结果既凸显了进一步提高能源效率的范围，也凸显了对能源密集型行业和更高附加值的活动与服务进行更深入整合的需求。我们建议更多地关注能源生产率（或如何从能源消耗中获得最大价值）可以帮助指导产业政策，并提高整个海湾合作委员会能源效率工作的知名度。这些结果既凸显了进一步提高能源效率的范围，也凸显了对能源密集型行业和更高附加值的活动与服务进行更深入整合的需求。我们建议更多地关注能源生产率（或如何从能源消耗中获得最大价值）可以帮助指导产业政策，并提高整个海湾合作委员会能源效率工作的知名度。