Introduction

Prescription medication use may be associated with phantom odor perception. We evaluated associations between number of prescription medications and their therapeutic class and phantom odor perception among US adults.

Methods

Data were collected between 2011 and 2014 as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). A complex sampling design resulted in a nationally representative sample of 7417 adults aged 40 years and older. During an in-home interview, participants were asked whether they had experienced an unpleasant, bad, or burning odor when nothing is there. Prescription medication use was assessed using validation with prescription bottles, when possible.

Results

Almost one quarter (23.3%) of adults uses ≥ 5 prescription medications. Use of five or more prescription medications is associated with 70% greater odds of phantom odor perception (OR 1.69 (1.09, 2.63)). Among adults 60 years and older, antidiabetic medications, antihyperlipidemic agents, and proton pump inhibitors are associated with 74–88% greater odds of report of phantom odor (OR = 1.74 (1.09, 2.77), OR = 1.85 (1.22. 2.80), and OR = 1.88 (1.15, 3.07)), respectively.

Conclusions

Phantom odor perception may be a side effect of antidiabetic or antihyperlipidemic agents. Among people taking proton pump inhibitors, phantom odors may also be a consequence of gastric gas reflux.

Implications

Common prescription medications may be providing an olfactory stimulus.

中文翻译：

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美国成年人的处方药使用和幻味感知

介绍

处方药的使用可能与幻味感知有关。我们评估了美国成年人处方药数量与其治疗类别和幻味感知之间的关联。

方法

作为全国健康和营养检查调查 (NHANES) 的一部分，收集了 2011 年至 2014 年间的数据。复杂的抽样设计产生了具有全国代表性的 7417 名 40 岁及以上成年人的样本。在一次家庭采访中，参与者被问及当什么都没有时，他们是否经历过难闻的、难闻的或燃烧的气味。在可能的情况下，使用处方瓶验证评估处方药的使用。

结果

几乎四分之一 (23.3%) 的成年人使用 ≥ 5 种处方药。使用五种或更多的处方药与 70% 的幻味感知几率相关（OR 1.69 (1.09, 2.63)）。在 60 岁及以上的成年人中，抗糖尿病药物、抗高血脂药物和质子泵抑制剂与报告幻味的几率增加 74-88% 相关（OR = 1.74 (1.09, 2.77)，OR = 1.85 (1.22. 2.80)，和 OR = 1.88 (1.15, 3.07))。

结论

幻味感知可能是抗糖尿病药或抗高血脂药的副作用。在服用质子泵抑制剂的人中，幻味也可能是胃气反流的结果。

影响

常见的处方药可能会提供嗅觉刺激。