This study presents major element geochemistry, mineral magnetism and textural analysis of lake-bottom sediments collected from the Wular Lake located in the Kashmir Valley (northwest Himalaya). Connected to the Jhelum River, Wular Lake basin occupies ~ 75% watershed area of the valley, covering ~ 10,196 km², and makes it the major depo-centre for Kashmir Valley. The sediments represent dominant silt fraction with TiO₂, MgO, Fe₂O₃ and MnO enrichment; and depletion of Na₂O and P₂O₅ with reference to upper continental crust. The average CIA (64.17%) reflects moderate chemical weathering of the catchment source rocks. The mineral magnetic mapping identified distinct domains of restricted/reducing and well-ventilated/oxic conditions, illustrating spatial environmental variability within the lake-bottom environments. The geochemical and mineral magnetic mapping therefore provides a baseline reference for emerging climate and anthropogenic changes being experienced in the Kashmir Valley.

中文翻译：

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喜马拉雅山西北部克什米尔山谷Wular湖沉积物的矿物磁和地球化学测绘

这项研究介绍了从位于克什米尔山谷（喜马拉雅山西北部）的Wular湖收集的湖底沉积物的主要元素地球化学，矿物磁学和结构分析。乌拉尔湖流域与耶鲁姆河相连，占流域约75％的流域，面积约10,196 km ²，是喀什米尔河谷的主要沉积中心。沉积物以TiO ₂，MgO，Fe ₂ O ₃和MnO富集为主。和耗竭的Na ₂ O和P ₂ O ₅关于上大陆壳。平均CIA（64.17％）反映了集水源岩的中等化学风化作用。矿物磁测绘确定了限制/减少和通风良好/有氧条件的不同区域，说明了湖底环境中的空间环境变化。因此，地球化学和矿物磁测绘为克什米尔谷地正在出现的气候和人为变化提供了基准。