A shift from petrochemical processes toward a bio-based economy is one of the most advocated developments for a sustainable future. To achieve this will require the biotechnological production of platform chemicals that can be further processed by chemical engineering. Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are a novel tool within the biotechnology field. In BESs, microbes serve as biocatalysts for the production of biofuels and value-added compounds, as well as for the production of electricity. Although the general feasibility of bioelectrochemical processes has been demonstrated in recent years, much research has been conducted to develop biocatalysts better suited to meet industrial demands. Initially, mainly natural exoelectrogenic organisms were investigated for their performance in BESs. Driven by possibilities of recent developments in genetic engineering and synthetic biology, the spectrum of microbial catalysts and their versatility (substrate and product range) have expanded significantly. Despite these developments, there is still a tremendous gap between currently achievable space-time yields and current densities on the one hand and the theoretical limits of BESs on the other. It will be necessary to move the performance of the biocatalysts closer to the theoretical possibilities in order to establish viable production routines. This review summarizes the status quo of engineering microbial biocatalysts for anode-applications with high space-time yields. Furthermore, we will address some of the theoretical limitations of these processes exemplarily and discuss which of the present strategies might be combined to achieve highly synergistic effects and, thus, meet industrial demands.

从石化工艺向生物基经济的转变是可持续未来最受鼓舞的发展之一。为了实现这一点，将需要生物化学生产平台化学品，然后可以通过化学工程对其进行进一步处理。生物电化学系统（BESs）是生物技术领域中的一种新颖工具。在BES中，微生物用作生产生物燃料和增值化合物以及发电的生物催化剂。尽管近年来已经证明了生物电化学方法的一般可行性，但是已经进行了很多研究来开发更适合于工业需求的生物催化剂。最初，主要研究天然的外生电子生物在BES中的性能。在基因工程和合成生物学最新发展的可能性的推动下，微生物催化剂的谱及其多功能性（底物和产品范围）已大大扩展。尽管取得了这些进展，但一方面当前可实现的时空产量和电流密度与另一方面BES的理论极限之间仍然存在巨大差距。为了建立可行的生产程序，有必要使生物催化剂的性能更接近理论上的可能性。这篇综述总结了工程微生物生物催化剂在阳极应用中具有高时空产率的现状。此外，