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Reducing neighbor discovery time in sensor networks with directional antennas using dynamic contention resolution
Design Automation for Embedded Systems ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-21 , DOI: 10.1007/s10617-020-09236-4
Nicolás Gammarano , Javier Schandy , Leonardo Steinfeld

In this paper we present, simulate, and evaluate Dynamic Asynchronous Neighbor Discovery protocol for Directional Antennas (DANDi), a neighbor discovery protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) with directional antennas that guarantees that every reliable communication link in a network is discovered. DANDi is asynchronous, fully directional (supports both directional transmissions and receptions) and has a dynamic contention resolution mechanism based on the detection of packet collisions, so no network topology information is needed in advance. We propose, implement and evaluate a mechanism to identify these collisions, both in simulations and with real nodes. DANDi is implemented in Contiki OS, an open-source operating system for WSN and the Internet of Things, and extensively tested. First using the COOJA network simulator and then with real Tmote Sky nodes equipped with 6-sectored antennas. The neighbor discovery times are analyzed and analytical expressions for these times are presented. The DANDi protocol performance is compared with Sectored-Antenna Neighbor Discovery, a state-of-the-art protocol for this kind of networks. Our experiments show that the discovery time can be reduced up to four times in average depending on the network topology, while discovering every reliable sector-to-sector link. To the best of our knowledge, DANDi is the fastest protocol that is able to discover every reliable link in a network without requiring any prior information of the network topology.



中文翻译:

使用动态竞争解决方案减少使用定向天线的传感器网络中的邻居发现时间

在本文中,我们介绍,仿真和评估定向天线(DANDi)的动态异步邻居发现协议,该协议是具有定向天线的无线传感器网络(WSN)的邻居发现协议,可确保发现网络中的每个可靠通信链路。DANDi是异步的,全定向的(同时支持定向发送和接收),并具有基于检测数据包冲突的动态竞争解决机制,因此无需预先提供网络拓扑信息。我们提出,实施和评估一种机制,以在仿真中和在真实节点中识别这些冲突。DANDi是在Contiki OS(用于WSN和物联网的开源操作系统)中实现的,并经过了广泛的测试。首先使用COOJA网络模拟器,然后使用配备6扇区天线的真实Tmote Sky节点。分析邻居发现时间并给出这些时间的解析表达式。DANDi协议的性能与扇区天线邻居发现(Sectored-Antenna Neighbor Discovery)进行了比较,后者是此类网络的最新协议。我们的实验表明,根据网络拓扑,发现时间平均可减少多达四倍,同时发现每个可靠的扇区到扇区链接。据我们所知,DANDi是最快的协议,它能够发现网络中的每个可靠链路,而无需任何有关网络拓扑的先验信息。分析邻居发现时间并给出这些时间的解析表达式。DANDi协议的性能与扇区天线邻居发现(Sectored-Antenna Neighbor Discovery)进行了比较,后者是此类网络的最新协议。我们的实验表明,根据网络拓扑,发现时间平均可减少多达四倍,同时发现每个可靠的扇区到扇区链接。据我们所知,DANDi是最快的协议,它能够发现网络中的每个可靠链路,而无需任何有关网络拓扑的先验信息。分析邻居发现时间,并给出这些时间的解析表达式。DANDi协议的性能与扇区天线邻居发现(Sectored-Antenna Neighbor Discovery)进行了比较,后者是此类网络的最新协议。我们的实验表明,根据网络拓扑,发现时间平均可减少多达四倍,同时发现每个可靠的扇区到扇区链接。据我们所知,DANDi是最快的协议,它能够发现网络中的每个可靠链路,而无需任何有关网络拓扑的先验信息。我们的实验表明,根据网络拓扑,发现时间平均可减少多达四倍,同时发现每个可靠的扇区到扇区链接。据我们所知,DANDi是最快的协议,它能够发现网络中的每个可靠链路,而无需任何有关网络拓扑的先验信息。我们的实验表明,根据网络拓扑,发现时间平均可减少多达四倍,同时发现每个可靠的扇区到扇区链接。据我们所知,DANDi是最快的协议,它能够发现网络中的每个可靠链路,而无需任何网络拓扑结构的先验信息。

更新日期:2020-03-21
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