Frame-based stereotaxy is widely used for planning and implanting deep-brain electrodes. In 2013, as part of a clinical study on deep-brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression, our group identified a need for software to simulate and plan stereotactic procedures. Shortcomings in extant commercial systems encouraged us to develop Tactics. Tactics is purpose-designed for frame-based stereotactic placement of electrodes. The workflow is far simpler than commercial systems. By simulating specific electrode placement, immediate in-context view of each electrode contact, and the cortical entry site are available within seconds. Post implantation, electrode placement is verified by linearly registering post-operative images. Tactics has been particularly helpful for invasive electroencephalography electrodes where as many as 20 electrodes are planned and placed within minutes. Currently, no commercial system has a workflow supporting the efficient placement of this many electrodes. Tactics includes a novel implementation of automated frame localization and a user-extensible mechanism for importing electrode specifications for visualization of individual electrode contacts. The system was systematically validated, through comparison against gold-standard techniques and quantitative analysis of targeting accuracy using a purpose-built imaging phantom mountable by a stereotactic frame. Internal to our research group, Tactics has been used to plan over 300 depth-electrode targets and trajectories in over 50 surgical cases, and to plan dozens of stereotactic biopsies. Source code and pre-built binaries for Tactics are public and open-source, enabling use and contribution by the extended community.

中文翻译：

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战术：用于规划，模拟和验证立体定向手术的开源平台。

基于框架的立体定位被广泛用于计划和植入深脑电极。2013年，作为针对难治性抑郁症的深脑刺激临床研究的一部分，我们小组确定需要模拟和计划立体定向手术的软件。现有商业系统的缺陷鼓励我们发展战术。策略是专门为基于框架的电极立体定位而设计的。工作流程比商业系统要简单得多。通过模拟特定的电极放置，可以在几秒钟内获得每个电极触点的即时上下文视图和皮质进入部位。植入后，通过线性配准术后图像验证电极放置。该策略对计划在几分钟内放置多达20个电极的侵入性脑电图电极特别有用。当前，没有商业系统具有支持这么多电极的有效放置的工作流程。策略包括自动帧定位的新颖实现和用于导入电极规格以可视化单个电极触点的用户可扩展机制。通过与金标准技术进行比较并使用可通过立体定位框架安装的专用成像体模对目标精度进行定量分析，系统对该系统进行了验证。在我们研究小组的内部，Tactics已用于计划50多个手术病例中的300多个深度电极目标和轨迹，并计划了数十种立体定向活检。