Observations of carbonaceous species [organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water soluble organic carbon (WSOC), carbonaceous aerosols (CAs) and secondary organic carbon (SOC) ] and trace elements (As, Cr, Ni, Zn, Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Ti, Fe, and Mn) in PM10 are made over a high altitude site (ARIES, Nainital, 29.4° N, 79.5° E, ~1958 m amsl) in the central Himalayan region during October 2018−February 2019 to explore their possible sources. The average concentrations of PM10, OC, EC, WSOC, CA and SOC were recorded as 44±13 µg m-3, 3.66±1.26 µg m-3, 1.29±0.61 µg m-3, 2.28±0.76 µg m-3, 7.15±1.96 µg m-3 and 1.45±0.73 µg m-3, respectively during the study period. The concentrations of PM10, OC, EC, WSOC, CAs and SOC were significantly varied during autumn (October-November) and winter (December-February) seasons. During both the seasons, significant positive linear trend between OC & EC and OC & WSOC have been observed which is indicative of their common sources of carbonaceous aerosols at the study site. WSOC/OC ratio was estimated as 0.56 and 0.67 during autumn and winter, respectively suggested that the biomass burning could be one of the major sources of carbonaceous aerosols at Nainital. The significant positive correlation of PM10 with crustal elements (Al, Fe, Ca, Mg and Ti) as well as correlation of Al with other crustal elements (Fe, Ca, Mg and Ti) indicates the abundance of mineral dust at the sampling site. The observed Fe/Al ratio (1.07) also indicates mineral dust as a source at the sampling site, similarly, Ca/Al ratio (1.36) indicates that aerosols over this region is rich in Ca mineral as compared to average continental crust. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified the contribution of crustal/soil dust, biomass burning and industrial emissions to the PM10 over the central Himalayan region of India. Five days back trajectory analysis indicates that the air mass impacting the sampling site is from local surrounding area in Uttrakhand as well from Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Ingo Gangetic Plain (IGP) region, Pakistan, Afghanistan region and Thar Desert.

中文翻译：

---

印度喜马拉雅中部山区某山地PM10碳质种类及微量元素变化

含碳物种[有机碳(OC)、元素碳(EC)、水溶性有机碳(WSOC)、含碳气溶胶(CAs)和次生有机碳(SOC)]和微量元素(As、Cr、Ni、Zn、 PM10 中的 Na、Mg、Al、P、K、Ca、Ti、Fe 和 Mn）是在喜马拉雅中部的高海拔地点（ARIES，奈尼塔尔，29.4° N，79.5° E，~1958 m amsl）产生的2018 年 10 月至 2019 年 2 月期间的区域，以探索其可能的来源。PM10、OC、EC、WSOC、CA 和 SOC 的平均浓度记录为 44±13 µg m-3、3.66±1.26 µg m-3、1.29±0.61 µg m-3、2.28±0.76 µg m-3、在研究期间分别为 7.15±1.96 µg m-3 和 1.45±0.73 µg m-3。PM10、OC、EC、WSOC、CAs和SOC的浓度在秋季（10-11月）和冬季（12-2月）季节变化显着。在这两个季节里，已经观察到 OC & EC 和 OC & WSOC 之间显着的正线性趋势，这表明它们在研究地点的碳质气溶胶的共同来源。WSOC/OC比值在秋季和冬季分别估计为0.56和0.67，表明生物质燃烧可能是奈尼塔尔碳质气溶胶的主要来源之一。PM10 与地壳元素（Al、Fe、Ca、Mg 和 Ti）的显着正相关以及 Al 与其他地壳元素（Fe、Ca、Mg 和 Ti）的相关性表明采样点矿尘的丰度。观察到的 Fe/Al 比 (1.07) 也表明矿物尘埃是采样点的来源，同样，Ca/Al 比 (1.36) 表明与平均大陆地壳相比，该地区的气溶胶富含 Ca 矿物质。主成分分析 (PCA) 确定了地壳/土壤粉尘、生物质燃烧和工业排放对印度喜马拉雅中部地区 PM10 的贡献。五天回溯轨迹分析表明，影响采样点的气团来自北阿坎德邦当地周边地区以及喜马偕尔邦、查谟和克什米尔、英戈恒河平原（IGP）地区、巴基斯坦、阿富汗地区和塔尔沙漠。