Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of organic compounds comprised of two or more fused benzene rings, which arise from the incomplete combustion of organic materials. These compounds have been of concern as carcinogens and mutagens for the past 50-60 years. Lately, they are also receiving attention as endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Therefore, proper analytical methods are required for sampling and analyzing these compounds. In response to problems associated with the conventional methods like solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), many studies have focused on the miniaturization of different sample preparation techniques. In this regard, the use of different types of liquid phase microextraction (LPME) techniques has increased significantly during the recent few decades. LPME techniques are advantageous because they use single-step sample preparation and have shown a greater sensitivity, selectivity, and efficiency than the conventional methods. In addition, these techniques have good potential for automation, to reduce the time and cost of analysis. This review focuses on the most important configurations of LPME including single‐drop microextraction (SDME), hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME), and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) techniques used for the sampling and determination of PAHs in different samples, along with their cons and pros, as well as their prospects.

中文翻译：

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多环芳烃的液相微萃取：综述

摘要 多环芳烃（PAHs）是由两个或多个苯环稠合而成的一大类有机化合物，由有机物质不完全燃烧产生。在过去的 50-60 年中，这些化合物作为致癌物和诱变剂一直备受关注。最近，它们也作为干扰内分泌的化学物质而受到关注。因此，需要适当的分析方法来采样和分析这些化合物。为了解决与固相萃取 (SPE) 和液液萃取 (LLE) 等传统方法相关的问题，许多研究都集中在不同样品制备技术的小型化上。在这方面，近几十年来，不同类型的液相微萃取 (LPME) 技术的使用显着增加。LPME 技术具有优势，因为它们使用单​​步样品制备，并且比传统方法显示出更高的灵敏度、选择性和效率。此外，这些技术具有良好的自动化潜力，可以减少分析的时间和成本。本综述重点介绍了 LPME 最重要的配置，包括用于 PAH 采样和测定的单滴微萃取 (SDME)、中空纤维液相微萃取 (HF-LPME) 和分散液-液微萃取 (DLLME) 技术在不同的样本中，以及它们的优缺点，以及它们的前景。这些技术具有良好的自动化潜力，可以减少分析的时间和成本。本综述重点介绍了 LPME 最重要的配置，包括用于 PAH 采样和测定的单滴微萃取 (SDME)、中空纤维液相微萃取 (HF-LPME) 和分散液-液微萃取 (DLLME) 技术在不同的样本中，以及它们的优缺点，以及它们的前景。这些技术具有良好的自动化潜力，可以减少分析的时间和成本。本综述重点介绍了 LPME 最重要的配置，包括用于 PAH 采样和测定的单滴微萃取 (SDME)、中空纤维液相微萃取 (HF-LPME) 和分散液-液微萃取 (DLLME) 技术在不同的样本中，以及它们的优缺点，以及它们的前景。