Abstract The multiple detections of gravitational waves by LIGO (the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory), operated by Caltech and MIT, have been acclaimed as confirming Einstein's prediction, a century ago, that gravitational waves propagating as ripples in spacetime would be detected. Yunes and Pretorius (2009) investigate whether LIGO's template-based searches encode fundamental assumptions, especially the assumption that the background theory of general relativity is an accurate description of the phenomena detected in the search. They construct the parametrized post-Einsteinian (ppE) framework in response, which broadens those assumptions and allows for wider testing under more flexible assumptions. Their methods are consistent with work on confirmation and testing found in Carnap (1936), Hempel (1969), and Stein (1992, 1994), with the following principles in common: that confirmation is distinct from testing, and that, counterintuitively, revising a theory's formal basis can make it more broadly empirically testable. These views encourage a method according to which theories can be made abstract, to define families of general structures for the purpose of testing. With the development of the ppE framework and related approaches, multi-messenger astronomy is a catalyst for deep reasoning about the limits and potential of the theoretical framework of general relativity.

中文翻译：

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在广义相对论中扩展理论测试：LIGO和参数化理论

摘要由加州理工学院和麻省理工学院（MIT）运营的激光干涉仪引力波天文台（LIGO）对引力波的多次探测被赞誉为证实了爱因斯坦的预测，一个世纪前，爱因斯坦将探测到以时空脉动传播的引力波。Yunes和Pretorius（2009）研究了LIGO基于模板的搜索是否编码了基本假设，尤其是假设广义相对论背景理论是对搜索中发现的现象的准确描述。作为回应，他们构建了参数化的后爱因斯坦（ppE）框架，该框架扩大了这些假设，并允许在更灵活的假设下进行更广泛的测试。他们的方法与Carnap（1936），Hempel（1969）和Stein（1992，（1994年），具有以下共同原则：确认不同于测试，并且与直觉相反，修改理论的形式基础可以使其更具有广泛的经验可检验性。这些观点鼓励一种方法，根据该方法可以抽象化理论，以定义用于测试目的的通用结构族。随着ppE框架和相关方法的发展，多信使天文学成为对广义相对论理论框架的局限性和潜力进行深入推理的催化剂。定义用于测试目的的通用结构族。随着ppE框架和相关方法的发展，多信使天文学成为对广义相对论理论框架的局限性和潜力进行深入推理的催化剂。定义用于测试目的的通用结构族。随着ppE框架和相关方法的发展，多信使天文学成为对广义相对论理论框架的局限性和潜力进行深入推理的催化剂。