Liquid crystals (LCs) are widely used in nonlinear optics because of their sensitive responses to optical stimulation. Combined with other optoelectronic materials such as azo dyes, quantum dots (QDs), etc., LCs show very large optical nonlinearity which makes them suitable for applications in optical information processing, including holographic display and holographic storage. In this review, we present an overview of recent efforts on holographic display and storage based on liquid crystalline materials. Emphasis is placed on the dynamic holographic display which uses fast-response LCs doped with azo dye and QD. In this application, we discuss how to improve the response speed, resolution, and diffraction efficiency of liquid crystalline materials to realize high frame rate, large-size and high-brightness holographic displays. Some LC materials for holographic storage are also introduced, including polymer-dispersed liquid crystals, blue-phase liquid crystals, and azobenzene polymer liquid crystals, which have permanent response to light stimulation. The mechanisms of optical nonlinearities are discussed in detail, as a foundation for the physical process of LC-based holographic display and storage.

液晶（LC）由于其对光学刺激的敏感响应而被广泛用于非线性光学。LC与偶氮染料，量子点（QD）等其他光电材料结合使用，显示出非常大的光学非线性，这使其适合用于光学信息处理，包括全息显示和全息存储。在这篇评论中，我们概述了基于液晶材料的全息显示和存储的最新工作。重点放在动态全息显示器上，该显示器使用掺有偶氮染料和QD的快速响应LC。在本申请中，我们讨论了如何提高液晶材料的响应速度，分辨率和衍射效率，以实现高帧频，大尺寸和高亮度的全息显示。还介绍了一些用于全息存储的LC材料，包括聚合物分散的液晶，蓝相液晶和偶氮苯聚合物液晶，它们对光的刺激具有永久性的响应。详细讨论了光学非线性的机制，作为基于LC的全息显示和存储的物理过程的基础。