Abstract We review the theoretical background and the observational searches made for surviving companions of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). Theory comprises the characteristics of the stellar binary companions of the exploding white dwarfs at the time of the supernova outburst and the expected effects on them of the explosion, as well as their subsequent evolution. That includes space velocities, rotation, luminosities (with discussion of possible mechanisms producing very faint companions). We then present the searches already made in the Galactic remnants of Type Ia supernovae and we assess the results obtained up to now using ground–based telescopes and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The same is done for the remnants of this type in the Large Magellanic Cloud. We point to new SNRs of Type Ia that can be studied with groundbased telescopes, the HST and the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), using various approaches such as characterization of peculiar stars through color–magnitude diagrams, determination of their stellar parameters by spectral fitting, and astrometric measurements. Gaia can provide, as well, useful astrometric information. Most of these approaches have been used in the SNe Ia remnants already explored. The future goal is to enlarge the sample to determine which stellar systems do actually produce these explosions.

中文翻译：

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Ia 型超新星的幸存伴星：理论和观测

摘要 我们回顾了对 Ia 型超新星 (SNe Ia) 幸存伴星的理论背景和观测搜索。理论包括超新星爆发时爆炸白矮星双星伴星的特征、爆炸对它们的预期影响以及它们随后的演化。这包括空间速度、旋转、光度（讨论了产生非常微弱伴星的可能机制）。然后，我们介绍了已经在 Ia 型超新星的银河遗迹中进行的搜索，并评估了迄今为止使用地面望远镜和哈勃太空望远镜 (HST) 获得的结果。大麦哲伦星云中这种类型的残余物也是如此。我们指出可以用地面望远镜研究的 Ia 型新 SNR，HST 和詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜 (JWST)，使用各种方法，例如通过颜色-星等图表征特殊恒星，通过光谱拟合确定它们的恒星参数，以及天体测量。盖亚也可以提供有用的天体测量信息。大多数这些方法已用于已经探索过的 SNe Ia 遗迹。未来的目标是扩大样本以确定哪些恒星系统确实产生了这些爆炸。大多数这些方法已用于已经探索过的 SNe Ia 遗迹。未来的目标是扩大样本以确定哪些恒星系统确实产生了这些爆炸。大多数这些方法已用于已经探索过的 SNe Ia 遗迹。未来的目标是扩大样本以确定哪些恒星系统确实产生了这些爆炸。