Abstract. Land use change can affect biodiversity, and this has an impact on ecosystem services (ESs), but the relationships between biodiversity and ESs are complex and poorly understood. Biodiversity is declining due to the abandonment of extensively grazed semi-natural grasslands. We therefore aim to explore relationships between biodiversity and ESs provided by extensively managed semi-natural grasslands. Focusing on vascular plant species richness, as well as the ESs fodder quantity, quality, and stability, allergy control, climate regulation, nutrient cycling, pollination, and aesthetic appreciation, we carried out botanical field surveys of 28 paired extensively grazed and abandoned semi-natural grassland plots, with four subplots of 4 m 2 in each plot. The management of the semi-natural grasslands is and has been at low intensity. We calculated the influence of abandonment on the ES indicators, measured the correlation between the biodiversity measure of vascular plant species richness and ES indicators, and finally determined how the relationships between plant species richness and the ES indicators were affected by the cessation of the extensive management. ES indicators are often, but not always, positively correlated with species richness. Cessation of extensive grazing has both negative and positive effects on ES indicators but the relationships between species richness and ES indicators are often different in extensively managed and abandoned semi-natural grasslands. The relationships between species richness and ES indicators are less pronounced in the extensively managed semi-natural grassland than for the abandoned. One possible reason for this outcome is high functional redundancy in the extensively managed semi-natural grasslands.

中文翻译：

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半天然草地生物多样性与生态系统服务的关系及停牧效应

摘要。土地利用变化会影响生物多样性，这会对生态系统服务 (ES) 产生影响，但生物多样性与生态系统服务之间的关系复杂且知之甚少。由于大量放牧的半天然草原被遗弃，生物多样性正在下降。因此，我们旨在探索生物多样性与广泛管理的半天然草原提供的 ESs 之间的关系。围绕维管植物物种丰富度，以及ESs饲料的数量、质量和稳定性、过敏控制、气候调节、养分循环、授粉和审美等方面，我们对28对广泛放牧和遗弃半植物进行了植物田间调查。天然草地地块，每个地块有四个4 m 2 的子地块。半天然草原的管理一直处于低强度。我们计算了废弃对ES指标的影响，测量了维管植物物种丰富度的生物多样性测度与ES指标之间的相关性，最终确定了粗放管理停止对植物物种丰富度与ES指标之间的关系的影响。 . ES 指标通常但并非总是与物种丰富度呈正相关。停止粗放放牧对 ES 指标既有负面影响，也有正面影响，但物种丰富度与 ES 指标之间的关系在粗放管理和废弃的半天然草原中往往不同。在粗放管理的半天然草地中，物种丰富度和 ES 指标之间的关系不如废弃草地那么明显。