It is widely accepted that the violation of Bell inequalities excludes local theories of the quantum realm. This paper presents a new derivation of the inequalities from non-trivial non-local theories and formulates a stronger Bell argument excluding also these non-local theories. Taking into account all possible theories, the conclusion of this stronger argument provably is the strongest possible consequence from the violation of Bell inequalities on a qualitative probabilistic level (given usual background assumptions). Among the forbidden theories is a subset of outcome dependent theories showing that outcome dependence is not sufficient for explaining a violation of Bell inequalities. Non-local theories which can violate Bell inequalities (among them quantum theory) are rather characterized by the fact that at least one of the measurement outcomes in some sense (which is made precise) probabilistically depends both on its local as well as on its distant measurement setting (‘parameter’). When Bell inequalities are found to be violated, the true choice is not ‘outcome dependence or parameter dependence’ but between two kinds of parameter dependences, one of them being what is usually called ‘parameter dependence’. Against the received view established by Jarrett and Shimony that on a probabilistic level quantum non-locality amounts to outcome dependence, this result confirms and makes precise Maudlin’s claim that some kind of parameter dependence is required.

普遍认为，违反贝尔不等式的行为排除了量子域的局部理论。本文提出了来自非平凡非本地理论的不等式的新推导，并提出了一个更强的贝尔论证，也将这些非本地理论也排除在外。考虑到所有可能的理论，这种更有力论据的结论可证明是在定性概率水平（根据通常的背景假设）违反贝尔不等式的最大可能结果。在被禁止的理论中，有一部分是依赖结果的理论，表明结果依赖不足以解释违反贝尔不等式的现象。可以违反贝尔不等式的非局部理论（其中包括量子理论）的特征在于，至少在某种意义上（精确地说）的测量结果中的至少一个概率既取决于其局部也取决于其远处测量设置（“参数”）。当发现违反贝尔不等式时，真正的选择不是“结果依赖或参数依赖”，而是在两种参数依赖之间进行选择，其中一种通常称为“参数依赖”。反对Jarrett和Shimony确立的观点，即在概率水平上量子非局部性等于结果依赖，这一结果证实了Maudlin的观点，并提出了精确的要求，即需要某种参数依赖。