This study examines the causal relationship between development and human security at the border. In Malaysia, among the main goals in implementing development policies include ensuring prosperity as well as human security of its citizens. However, the effectiveness of these policies, particularly in the context of border communities living in the interior, is largely unknown. Accordingly, research has conducted interviews and observations at the border area of Ba’kelalan, Sarawak, Malaysia, to assess (1) the impact of Malaysian development policies on the socioeconomic status and international cross-border dimension and (2) the extent to which developmental issues have posed a threat to the human security at the border. Research found that although Malaysian development policies have succeeded to bring various development programs in Ba’kelalan, it has inadequately addressed some developmental issues in this area. The reality of development inequality, lack of development in the agricultural sector, and the ambiguous status of lands are found to have threatened human security of the Lun Bawang in Ba’kelalan. If the goal is promoting people-centered security and responding to the core objective of human security to prioritize risk prevention and early intervention of the human security threat, understanding the reality experienced by the people on the ground and considering views from the bottom in the national policy decision and formulation in the future are crucial.

中文翻译：

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边境的人类安全与发展：马来西亚沙捞越州Ba'kelalan案

这项研究考察了边境发展与人类安全之间的因果关系。在马来西亚，执行发展政策的主要目标之一包括确保其公民的繁荣与人类安全。但是，这些政策的有效性，特别是在居住在内地的边境社区的情况下，很大程度上是未知的。因此，研究在马来西亚沙捞越州Ba'kelalan边境地区进行了访谈和观察，以评估（1）马来西亚发展政策对社会经济地位和国际跨境影响，以及（2）程度发展问题对边境的人类安全构成了威胁。研究发现，尽管马来西亚的发展政策已成功地带来了Ba'kelalan的各种发展计划，它没有充分解决这方面的一些发展问题。发现发展不平等，农业部门缺乏发展以及土地模棱两可的现实威胁着Ba'kelalan的Lun Bawang的人类安全。如果目标是促进以人为本的安全并响应人类安全的核心目标，以优先考虑风险预防和对人类安全威胁的早期干预，则应了解当地人民的现实并从国家最底层来考虑未来的政策决策和制定至关重要。人们发现土地的模棱两可威胁着Ba'kelalan的Lun Bawang的人类安全。如果目标是促进以人为本的安全并响应人类安全的核心目标，以优先考虑风险预防和对人类安全威胁的早期干预，则应了解当地人民的现实并从国家最底层来考虑未来的政策决策和制定至关重要。人们发现土地的模棱两可威胁着Ba'kelalan的Lun Bawang的人类安全。如果目标是促进以人为本的安全并响应人类安全的核心目标，以优先考虑风险预防和对人类安全威胁的早期干预，则应了解当地人民的现实并从国家最底层来考虑未来的政策决策和制定至关重要。