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Spin in the reporting, interpretation, and extrapolation of adverse effects of orthodontic interventions: protocol for a cross-sectional study of systematic reviews
Research Integrity and Peer Review Pub Date : 2019-12-01 , DOI: 10.1186/s41073-019-0084-4
Pauline A J Steegmans 1 , Nicola Di Girolamo 2, 3 , Reint A Meursinge Reynders 4, 5
Affiliation  

BackgroundTitles and abstracts are the most read sections of biomedical papers. It is therefore important that abstracts transparently report both the beneficial and adverse effects of health care interventions and do not mislead the reader. Misleading reporting, interpretation, or extrapolation of study results is called “spin”. In this study, we will assess whether adverse effects of orthodontic interventions were reported or considered in the abstracts of both Cochrane and non-Cochrane reviews and whether spin was identified and what type of spin.MethodsEligibility criteria were defined for the type of study designs, participants, interventions, outcomes, and settings. We will include systematic reviews of clinical orthodontic interventions published in the five leading orthodontic journals and in the Cochrane Database. Empty reviews will be excluded. We will manually search eligible reviews published between 1 August 2009 and 31 July 2019. Data collection forms were developed a priori. All study selection and data extraction procedures will be conducted by two reviewers independently. Our main outcomes will be the prevalence of reported or considered adverse effects of orthodontic interventions in the abstract of systematic reviews and the prevalence of “spin” related to these adverse effects. We will also record the prevalence of three subtypes of spin, i.e., misleading reporting, misleading interpretation, and misleading extrapolation-related spin. All statistics will be calculated for the following groups: (1) all journals individually, (2) all journals together, and (3) the five leading orthodontic journals and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews separately. Generalized linear models will be developed to compare the various groups.DiscussionWe expect that our results will raise the awareness of the importance of reporting and considering of adverse effects and the presence of the phenomenon of spin related to these effects in abstracts of systematic reviews of orthodontic interventions. This is important, because an incomplete and inadequate reporting, interpretation, or extrapolation of findings on adverse effects in abstracts of systematic reviews can mislead readers and could lead to inadequate clinical practice. Our findings could result in policy implications for making judgments about the acceptance for publication of systematic reviews of orthodontic interventions.

中文翻译:

正畸干预不良影响的报告、解释和推断:系统评价的横断面研究方案

背景标题和摘要是生物医学论文中阅读最多的部分。因此,重要的是摘要要透明地报告卫生保健干预措施的有益和不利影响,不要误导读者。对研究结果的误导性报告、解释或外推称为“自旋”。在这项研究中,我们将评估是否在 Cochrane 和非 Cochrane 评价的摘要中报告或考虑了正畸干预的不良影响,以及是否确定了旋转以及旋转的类型。方法为研究设计的类型定义了资格标准,参与者、干预措施、结果和环境。我们将包括发表在五种主要正畸期刊和 Cochrane 数据库中的临床正畸干预的系统评价。空评论将被排除在外。我们将手动搜索 2009 年 8 月 1 日至 2019 年 7 月 31 日期间发布的符合条件的评论。数据收集表格是事先制定的。所有研究选择和数据提取程序将由两名审查员独立进行。我们的主要结果将是系统评价摘要中报告或考虑的正畸干预不良影响的普遍性以及与这些不良影响相关的“自旋”的普遍性。我们还将记录三种自旋亚型的流行情况,即误导性报道、误导性解释和误导性外推相关自旋。将为以下组计算所有统计数据:(1) 所有期刊单独,(2) 所有期刊一起,(3) 5 种领先的正畸期刊和 Cochrane 系统评价数据库。将开发广义线性模型来比较各个组。讨论我们希望我们的结果将提高人们对报告和考虑不良影响的重要性的认识,以及在正畸系统评价的摘要中与这些影响相关的旋转现象的存在干预。这一点很重要,因为对系统评价摘要中不良反应结果的不完整和不充分的报告、解释或推断会误导读者,并可能导致临床实践不足。我们的研究结果可能会对判断是否接受发表正畸干预的系统评价产生政策影响。将开发广义线性模型来比较各个组。讨论我们希望我们的结果将提高人们对报告和考虑不良影响的重要性的认识,以及在正畸系统评价的摘要中与这些影响相关的旋转现象的存在干预。这一点很重要,因为对系统评价摘要中不良反应结果的不完整和不充分的报告、解释或推断会误导读者,并可能导致临床实践不足。我们的研究结果可能会对判断是否接受发表正畸干预的系统评价产生政策影响。将开发广义线性模型来比较各个组。讨论我们希望我们的结果将提高人们对报告和考虑不良影响的重要性的认识,以及在正畸系统评价的摘要中与这些影响相关的旋转现象的存在干预。这一点很重要,因为对系统评价摘要中不良反应结果的不完整和不充分的报告、解释或推断会误导读者,并可能导致临床实践不足。我们的研究结果可能会对判断是否接受发表正畸干预的系统评价产生政策影响。讨论我们希望我们的结果将提高人们对报告和考虑不良影响的重要性的认识,以及在正畸干预系统评价的摘要中与这些影响相关的旋转现象的存在。这一点很重要,因为对系统评价摘要中不良反应结果的不完整和不充分的报告、解释或推断会误导读者,并可能导致临床实践不足。我们的研究结果可能会对判断是否接受发表正畸干预的系统评价产生政策影响。讨论我们希望我们的结果将提高人们对报告和考虑不良影响的重要性的认识,以及在正畸干预系统评价的摘要中与这些影响相关的旋转现象的存在。这一点很重要,因为对系统评价摘要中不良反应结果的不完整和不充分的报告、解释或推断会误导读者,并可能导致临床实践不足。我们的研究结果可能会对判断是否接受发表正畸干预的系统评价产生政策影响。因为在系统评价摘要中对不良反应结果的不完整和不充分的报告、解释或推断会误导读者,并可能导致临床实践不足。我们的研究结果可能会对判断是否接受发表正畸干预的系统评价产生政策影响。因为在系统评价摘要中对不良反应结果的不完整和不充分的报告、解释或推断会误导读者,并可能导致临床实践不足。我们的研究结果可能会对判断是否接受发表正畸干预的系统评价产生政策影响。
更新日期:2019-12-01
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