At the time of defining the science objectives of the INTernational Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL), such a rapid and spectacular development of multi-messenger astronomy could not have been predicted, with new impulsive phenomena becoming accessible through different channels. Neutrino telescopes have routinely detected energetic neutrino events coming from unknown cosmic sources since 2013. Gravitational wave detectors opened a novel window on the sky in 2015 with the detection of the merging of two black holes and in 2017 with the merging of two neutron stars, followed by signals in the full electromagnetic range. Finally, since 2007, radio telescopes detected extremely intense and short burst of radio waves, known as Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) whose origin is for most cases extragalactic, but enigmatic. The exceptionally robust and versatile design of the INTEGRAL mission has allowed researchers to exploit data collected not only with the pointed instruments, but also with the active cosmic-ray shields of the main instruments to detect impulses of gamma-rays in coincidence with unpredictable phenomena. The full-sky coverage, mostly unocculted by the Earth, the large effective area, the stable background, and the high duty cycle (85%) put INTEGRAL in a privileged position to give a major contribution to multi-messenger astronomy. In this review, we describe how INTEGRAL has provided upper limits on the gamma-ray emission from black-hole binary mergers, detected a short gamma-ray burst in coincidence with a binary neutron star merger, contributed to define the spectral energy distribution of a blazar associated with a neutrino event, set upper limits on impulsive and steady gamma-ray emission from cosmological FRBs, and detected a magnetar flare associated with fast radio bursting emission.

中文翻译：

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INTEGRAL 的多信使天文学

在确定国际伽马射线天体物理实验室 (INTEGRAL) 的科学目标时，无法预测多信使天文学的如此快速和壮观的发展，新的脉冲现象可以通过不同渠道获得。自 2013 年以来，中微子望远镜经常探测到来自未知宇宙来源的高能中微子事件。引力波探测器在 2015 年探测到两个黑洞合并和 2017 年两颗中子星合并后打开了天空的新窗口。通过全电磁范围内的信号。最后，自 2007 年以来，射电望远镜探测到极强且短暂的无线电波爆发，称为快速射电爆发 (FRB)，其起源在大多数情况下是河外的，但却是神秘的。INTEGRAL 任务的异常稳健和通用设计使研究人员能够利用收集的数据，不仅可以使用尖头仪器，还可以利用主要仪器的活动宇宙射线屏蔽来检测与不可预测现象同时发生的伽马射线脉冲。全天覆盖（大部分未被地球掩蔽）、大有效面积、稳定的背景和高占空比（85%）使 INTEGRAL 处于有利地位，为多信使天文学做出了重大贡献。在这篇综述中，我们描述了 INTEGRAL 如何为黑洞双星并合的伽马射线发射提供上限，探测到与双中子星并合同时发生的短伽马射线爆发，有助于定义一个的光谱能量分布与中微子事件相关的耀变体，