Isoprenoids, as the largest group of chemicals in the domains of life, constitute more than 50,000 members. These compounds consist of different numbers of isoprene units (C₅H₈), by which they are typically classified into hemiterpenoids (C5), monoterpenoids (C10), sesquiterpenoids (C15), diterpenoids (C20), triterpenoids (C30), and tetraterpenoids (C40). In recent years, isoprenoids have been employed as food additives, in the pharmaceutical industry, as advanced biofuels, and so on. To realize the sufficient and efficient production of valuable isoprenoids on an industrial scale, fermentation using engineered microorganisms is a promising strategy compared to traditional plant extraction and chemical synthesis. Due to the advantages of mature genetic manipulation, robustness and applicability to industrial bioprocesses, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has become an attractive microbial host for biochemical production, including that of various isoprenoids. In this review, we summarized the advances in the biosynthesis of isoprenoids in engineered S. cerevisiae over several decades, including synthetic pathway engineering, microbial host engineering, and central carbon pathway engineering. Furthermore, the challenges and corresponding strategies towards improving isoprenoid production in engineered S. cerevisiae were also summarized. Finally, suggestions and directions for isoprenoid production in engineered S. cerevisiae in the future are discussed.

类异戊二烯作为生命领域中最大的化学物质组，成员超过 50,000。这些化合物由不同数量的异戊二烯单元 (C ₅ H ₈)，通常将它们分为半萜类 (C5)、单萜类 (C10)、倍半萜类 (C15)、二萜类 (C20)、三萜类 (C30) 和四萜类 (C40)。近年来，类异戊二烯已被用作食品添加剂、制药工业、高级生物燃料等。为了在工业规模上充分有效地生产有价值的类异戊二烯，与传统的植物提取和化学合成相比，使用工程微生物进行发酵是一种很有前景的策略。由于成熟的基因操作、稳健性和工业生物过程的适用性等优点，酿酒酵母已成为用于生化生产的有吸引力的微生物宿主，包括各种类异戊二烯。在这篇综述中，我们总结了几十年来工程酿酒酵母中类异戊二烯生物合成的进展，包括合成途径工程、微生物宿主工程和中心碳途径工程。此外，还总结了提高工程酿酒酵母中类异戊二烯产量的挑战和相应策略。最后，讨论了未来在工程化酿酒酵母中生产类异戊二烯的建议和方向。