ABSTRACT

Research in clinical psychology and social psychiatry has highlighted the importance of social factors for outcomes following trauma. In this review, we speak to this issue in two ways. First, we highlight the value of a social identity framework for understanding the experience and impact of psychological trauma. Second, we draw on the Social Identity Model of Identity Change (SIMIC) to understand reactions to trauma. Specifically, we show (a) that negative responses to trauma are more apparent where trauma serves to undermine valued social identities; (b) that people prove more resilient in the face of trauma when valued social identities can be maintained or new social identities developed; and (c) that where old or new positive identities are reinvigorated or extend the self, this can be a basis for post-traumatic growth. We conclude by discussing the implications of this model for practice, and emphasise the importance of social identity management in the aftermath of trauma.

摘要

临床心理学和社会精神病学的研究强调了社会因素对创伤后预后的重要性。在这篇评论中，我们以两种方式谈论这个问题。首先，我们强调社会认同框架对于理解心理创伤的经历和影响的价值。其次，我们利用身份变化的社会身份模型（SIMIC）来了解对创伤的反应。具体而言，我们表明：（a）在创伤破坏了宝贵的社会认同的地方，对创伤的负面反应更为明显；（b）当可以维持有价值的社会身份或发展新的社会身份时，人们在遭受创伤时表现出更大的韧性；（c）在恢复旧的或新的积极身份或扩展自我的地方，这可以作为创伤后成长的基础。