This paper explores how wars make nations, above and beyond their need to raise the fiscal capacity to finance warfare. As army size increases, states change the conduct of war, switching from mercenaries to mass conscript armies. In order for the population to accept fighting and enduring wars, the government elites provide public goods, reduce rent-extraction, and adopt policies to build a nation – i.e., homogenize the culture of the population. Governments can instill “positive” national sentiment, in the sense of emphasizing the benefit of the nation, but they also can instill “negative” sentiment, in terms of aggressive propaganda against the opponent. We analyze these two types of nation-building and study their implications.

中文翻译：

---

国家建设，民族主义和$$ \ hbox {wars} ^ * $$ wars ∗

本文探讨了战争如何使国家超越其需要来提高为战争提供资金的财政能力。随着军队规模的扩大，各州改变了战争的方式，从雇佣军转为大规模应征军队。为了使人民能够接受战斗和持久的战争，政府精英提供公共物品，减少租金提取并采取政策建立国家-即使人民的文化同质化。在强调国家利益的意义上，政府可以灌输“积极”的民族情绪，但在对反对派的积极宣传方面，政府也可以灌输“消极”的情绪。我们分析了这两种类型的国家建设并研究了它们的含义。