ABSTRACT

The 4IR can open windows of opportunity for emerging economies but also raises red flags in terms of the main challenges that these changes pose to firms, industrial systems and policy approaches. Benefiting from it will not be automatic, as these economies suffer from several gaps that hamper their possibility to operate in a digital industrial landscape. However, with a capable entrepreneurial state, developing economies could use the ongoing uncertain and fast-changing scenario to fast track their development. As partnerships become more relevant for innovations due to technological convergence, competition policies and standards to avoid monopolistic positions and excessive concentration are needed to maintain the space for bottom-up innovation.

摘要

4IR不仅可以为新兴经济体打开机遇之窗，而且在这些变化给企业，产业体系和政策方法带来的主要挑战方面也发出了警告。从中受益并不是自动的，因为这些经济体遭受了数个缺口的困扰，这些缺口阻碍了它们在数字工业领域中运作的可能性。但是，有了一个有能力的企业家国家，发展中经济体就可以利用持续不断的不确定和快速变化的情况来快速追踪其发展。由于技术融合，伙伴关系对创新变得越来越重要，因此需要竞争政策和标准来避免垄断地位和过度集中，以保持自下而上的创新空间。