While the study of English intensifiers has been a topic of much empirical discussion (Bolinger 1972, Paradis 1997, Ito & Tagliamonte 2003, Xiao & Tao 2007, Fuchs 2017), intensification in the German language is underexplored. The present study operationalizes variationist methods to comprehensively examine the syntactic intensification of adjectives in German by investigating how adjective intensifiers rank empirically in terms of frequency and whether their use is sensitive to the social factors gender and age. Results indicate that in German, amplifiers are more frequent than downtoners, boosters are more frequent than maximizers, and the gender and the age of the speaker are factors that influence their use. These findings corroborate crosslinguistic findings (Peters 1994, Broekhuis 2013, D’Arcy 2015, Fuchs 2017). Broadly speaking, the present study suggests that the syntactic intensification of adjectives in German is, in many ways, similar to what has been observed previously in other Germanic languages.*

中文翻译：

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德语中的形容词增强词

虽然英语强化词的研究一直是许多实证讨论的话题（Bolinger 1972、Paradis 1997、Ito & Tagliamonte 2003、Xiao & Tao 2007、Fuchs 2017），但德语的强化研究尚未得到充分探索。本研究通过研究形容词强化词在频率方面的经验排名以及它们的使用是否对社会因素敏感，运用变分法来全面检查德语形容词的句法强化。性别和年龄. 结果表明，在德语中，扩音器比降音器更频繁，助推器比最大化器更频繁，说话者的性别和年龄是影响其使用的因素。这些发现证实了跨语言发现（Peters 1994、Broekhuis 2013、D'Arcy 2015、Fuchs 2017）。从广义上讲，本研究表明，德语形容词的句法强化在许多方面与之前在其他日耳曼语中观察到的相似。*