Doubling unconditionals are exemplified by the Spanish example Venga quien venga, estaré contento ‘Whoever comes, I’ll be happy’ (lit. ‘Comes who comes, I’ll be happy’). This curious and little studied construction is attested in various forms in a number of Romance and Slavic languages. In this paper, I provide a basic description of these constructions, focusing especially on Spanish, Czech, and Slovenian, and argue that they can be brought in line with analyses of run-of-the-mill unconditionals (of the English type) if one recognizes (1) that the wh-structure within the unconditional antecedent (quien venga ‘who comes’) is a free relative and (2) that the free relative is focused. The focused free relative introduces alternatives and thus gives rise to the denotation proposed by Rawlins (Nat Lang Semant 40(2):111–178, 2013) for English unconditionals. In the last part of the paper, I hypothesize that at least some non-doubling unconditionals could in fact have a doubling underlying structure, which is disguised by relative sluicing—clausal ellipsis with a relative pronoun remnant.

中文翻译：

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无条件加倍和相对泄密

西班牙示例Venga quien venga，estarécontento “无论谁来，我都会很高兴”（点燃了“来的人，我会很高兴”）就是无条件加倍的例子。这种奇特而又很少研究的结构在许多罗曼语和斯拉夫语中得到了各种形式的证明。在本文中，我对这些结构进行了基本描述，特别是针对西班牙语，捷克语和斯洛文尼亚语的结构，并认为如果可以对现成的（英语类型的）无条件分析进行分析，可以使它们相符。人们认识到（1）无条件先例（quien venga“谁来”是一个自由亲戚，（2）是一个自由亲戚。集中的自由亲戚引入了替代方案，从而引起了罗林斯（Nat Lang Semant 40（2）：111–178，2013）为英语无条件提出的解释。在本文的最后一部分，我假设至少有一些非加倍无条件词实际上可能具有加倍的底层结构，这是通过相对流利（带有相对代词残缺的子句省略）来掩饰的。