Abstract This paper examines nominalisation in scientific discourse in English, focusing on a distinction between what I will refer to as ‘live’ and ‘dead’ grammatical metaphors. Live metaphors refer to a nominal realisation of an ideational discourse semantic figure; dead metaphors are found in the same nominalisations as live metaphors, but they realise an entity rather than a figure. The distinction is made by drawing on a tristratal approach that is informed by Systemic Functional Linguistics and that considers nominalisation simultaneously from the perspectives of field, discourse semantics, and lexicogrammar. Although the paper focuses on nominalisation, it illustrates a broader line of argumentation that can be extended to the analysis of ideational discourse semantic meanings in general.

中文翻译：

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科学英语中的名词化

摘要 本文考察了英语科学话语中的名词化，重点是我将称之为“活的”和“死的”语法隐喻之间的区别。活的隐喻指的是概念性话语语义形象的名义上的实现；死隐喻与活隐喻在同一个名词化中被发现，但它们实现的是一个实体而不是一个形象。这种区别是通过借鉴系统功能语言学提供的三层方法来进行的，该方法同时从领域、话语语义和词汇语法的角度考虑名词化。虽然这篇论文侧重于名词化，但它说明了一个更广泛的论证路线，可以扩展到一般的观念话语语义分析。