ABSTRACT

Receiving feedback from our environment that informs us about the outcomes of our actions helps us assess our abilities (e.g., metacognition) and to flexibly adapt our behavior, consequently increasing our chances of success. However, a detailed examination of the effect of feedback on the brain activation during perceptual and confidence judgments as well as the interrelations between perceptual accuracy, prospective and retrospective confidence remains unclear. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the neural response to feedback valence and source in visual contrast discrimination together with prospective confidence judgments at the beginning of each block and retrospective confidence judgments after every decision. Positive feedback was associated with higher activation (or lower deactivation depending on the area) in areas previously involved in attention, performance monitoring and visual regions during the perceptual judgment than during the confidence judgment. Changes in prospective confidence were positively related to changes in perceptual accuracy as well as to the corresponding retrospective confidence. Thus, feedback information impacted multiple, qualitatively different brain processing states, and we also revealed the dynamic interplay between prospective, perceptual accuracy and retrospective self-assessment.

摘要

从我们的环境中接收反馈，告诉我们我们行为的结果，这有助于我们评估我们的能力（例如，元认知）并灵活地调整我们的行为，从而增加我们成功的机会。然而，在感知和信心判断期间反馈对大脑激活的影响以及感知准确性、前瞻性和回顾性信心之间的相互关系的详细检查仍不清楚。在这里，我们使用功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 来检查视觉对比度辨别中对反馈价和源的神经反应，以及每个块开始时的前瞻性置信度判断和每个决定后的回顾性置信度判断。与信心判断相比，在知觉判断期间，积极反馈与先前涉及注意力、性能监测和视觉区域的区域更高的激活（或更低的失活，取决于区域）相关。预期信心的变化与感知准确性的变化以及相应的回顾性信心呈正相关。因此，反馈信息影响了多种质量不同的大脑处理状态，我们还揭示了前瞻性、感知准确性和回顾性自我评估之间的动态相互作用。预期信心的变化与感知准确性的变化以及相应的回顾性信心呈正相关。因此，反馈信息影响了多种质量不同的大脑处理状态，我们还揭示了前瞻性、感知准确性和回顾性自我评估之间的动态相互作用。预期信心的变化与感知准确性的变化以及相应的回顾性信心呈正相关。因此，反馈信息影响了多种质量不同的大脑处理状态，我们还揭示了前瞻性、感知准确性和回顾性自我评估之间的动态相互作用。