It is commonly believed that proven abnormalities in the structure and functioning of the prefrontal lobes affect cognitive deficits in children with ADHD. The purpose of the current study was to assess vigilance, inhibitory control, and regional cerebral blood oxygenation (rCBO2) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of children with ADHD. The study included 150 children with ADHD and 51 typically developing (TD) children aged 9-12 years. Children with ADHD showed a deficit in vigilance (assessed by the shortened version of the Mackworth clock task), inhibitory control (the Stroop task), different rCBO2 patterns in the PFC, as well as lower cortical activation during cognitive tasks. These differences are discussed in the context of the types of ADHD presentations.

中文翻译：

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PFC 中的警惕性、抑制性控制和区域脑血氧合 - ADHD 表现类型的差异

人们普遍认为，已证实的前额叶结构和功能异常会影响 ADHD 儿童的认知缺陷。本研究的目的是评估 ADHD 儿童前额叶皮层 (PFC) 的警觉性、抑制性控制和局部脑血氧合 (rCBO2)。该研究包括 150 名患有 ADHD 的儿童和 51 名 9-12 岁的典型发育 (TD) 儿童。患有 ADHD 的儿童表现出警觉性（通过 Mackworth 时钟任务的缩短版本评估）、抑制控制（Stroop 任务）、PFC 中不同的 rCBO2 模式以及认知任务期间较低的皮质激活缺陷。这些差异将在 ADHD 演示类型的上下文中进行讨论。