This study conducted a representative analysis of the Swiss labor market from 1991 to 2014 by applying Holland’s (1997) classification of occupations according to six vocational interest types: realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional (RIASEC). Using data from the Swiss Labor Force Survey, we found that, over this period, realistic occupations consistently represented the largest share of jobs, albeit with a declining tendency. Increased numbers of people were employed in social and enterprising types of work. The lowest numbers were found in artistic and investigative occupations. Gender segregation along the six RIASEC occupational types were found on the Swiss labor market as well, with most men working in realistic and most women working in social occupations. Furthermore, we observed large salary differences between the six occupational types, even after controlling for required skill level. In line with findings concerning gender pay inequality, men earned more than women in each RIASEC occupational type in each year. Moreover, we found that RIASEC occupations differed meaningfully with regard to skill level, and that the required skill level increased across all RIASEC occupations over the examined 23-year period.

中文翻译：

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1991 年至 2014 年瑞士劳动力市场的心理描述

本研究通过应用 Holland (1997) 根据六种职业兴趣类型进行的职业分类，对 1991 年至 2014 年的瑞士劳动力市场进行了具有代表性的分析：现实型、调查型、艺术型、社会型、企业型和传统型 (RIASEC)。使用瑞士劳动力调查的数据，我们发现，在此期间，现实职业始终占工作岗位的最大份额，尽管呈下降趋势。越来越多的人受雇于社会和企业类型的工作。在艺术和调查职业中发现的人数最少。在瑞士劳动力市场上也发现了 RIASEC 六种职业类型的性别隔离，大多数男性从事现实职业，大多数女性从事社会职业。此外，我们观察到六种职业类型之间的工资差异很大，即使在控制了所需的技能水平之后。根据有关性别薪酬不平等的调查结果，每年在 RIASEC 的每个职业类型中，男性的收入都高于女性。此外，我们发现 RIASEC 职业在技能水平方面存在显着差异，并且在调查的 23 年期间，所有 RIASEC 职业所需的技能水平都有所提高。