The Norse that settled Greenland between ca. AD 985 and 1450 were sedentary agropastoralists that combined farming with hunting and organized after a North Atlantic socioeconomic model. Research of the last 40 years has emphasized the great and increasing importance of marine resources for both the Greenland Norse local subsistence economy and long-distance trade. However, the archaeological sites and features associated with the marine economy have not been systematically investigated. This study reviews documentary records and archaeological site evidence of medieval Norse marine-resource use in Greenland on local to regional scales. Contextualizing this evidence within a locally adjusted, Arctic version of a general North Atlantic settlement and land-use model, and applying a formalized interpretational framework, the study implies the existence of at least four types of seasonally occupied, specialized satellite sites related to marine-resource use—sites that tentatively may be labeled “marine shielings.” Marine shielings likely served to improve the expediency and safety of Norse marine-resource use on both Greenland’s west and east coasts, where marine hunting appears to have been a frequent, specialized, and cooperative activity.

中文翻译：

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中世纪北欧格陵兰岛的海军陆战队员

定居于格陵兰岛之间的北欧人。公元985年和1450年是久坐的农牧民，他们将农业与狩猎结合在一起，并按照北大西洋的社会经济模式组织起来。过去40年的研究强调了海洋资源对于格陵兰北欧地方自给经济和长途贸易的巨大和日益重要的意义。但是，尚未对与海洋经济有关的考古遗址和特征进行系统的研究。这项研究从地方到区域范围回顾了格陵兰中世纪北欧海洋资源利用的文献记录和考古现场证据。在北大西洋地区一般定居和土地利用模型的局部调整北极版本中，将这些证据具体化，并采用正式的解释框架，该研究表明，至少存在四种与海洋资源使用有关的季节性占领的专用卫星站点，这些站点暂时被标记为“海上掩饰物”。在格陵兰岛的西海岸和东海岸，进行海上猎物活动可能有助于提高挪威人使用海洋资源的便利性和安全性，那里的海上狩猎似乎是频繁，专门和合作的活动。