Transboundary water governance often represents challenges specific to the commons dilemma. Use of water in one country affects use in another country, yet dynamic and diverse political and socioeconomic factors coupled with relatively large size of a resource system that links not only other sectors such as land and energy but also crosses national jurisdictions make it particularly challenging for interested and affected actors to self-organize. Central Asia represents a typical case of this commons dilemma, where more than 60 million people depend on transboundary waters shared by five independent republics that suffer from vicious cycle of historical rivalry and complexity. We explore whether and how benefit sharing, where the focus is on benefits and not quantities of water, can help solve the transboundary commons dilemma. Further, we suggest distinguishing three priorities in benefit-sharing solutions: economic-development; egalitarian-social; and environmental. Investigating various configurations of prioritization, we discuss selected expressions of it available in the literature in general and from our transboundary waters case study in Central Asia in particular. Based on our findings we stress the importance of setting environmental preservation (restoration) and equitability of sharing as the joint top priority for benefit sharing to be sustainable in the long run, in contrast to a short-term perspective with prevailing economic-development emphasis. In the context of historical distrust conditions and interdependencies, we highlight the mutually important causal relationship between benefit sharing and trust building. For making the new arrangements resilient, particularly in case of large-scale commons, benefit sharing also requires a strong civil society.

中文翻译：

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惠益分享解决中亚跨界公地困境

跨界水治理通常是公地困境的挑战。一个国家的用水会影响另一个国家的用水，但是充满活力和多样化的政治和社会经济因素，加上相对较大的资源系统，不仅将土地和能源等其他部门联系在一起，而且还跨越了国家管辖范围，这对水资源的利用尤其具有挑战性。感兴趣和受影响的演员进行自我组织。中亚代表着这种公地困境的典型案例，那里有超过6000万人依赖五个独立共和国共享的越境水域，这些共和国遭受了历史竞争和复杂性的恶性循环。我们探讨了利益共享（重点是利益而不是水量）是否以及如何帮助解决跨界公地困境。进一步，我们建议在利益共享解决方案中区分三个优先事项：经济发展；平等社会 和环境。研究优先级的各种配置后，我们将讨论一般情况下文献中特别是中亚跨界水域案例研究中可用的优先选择表达式。根据我们的发现，我们强调将环境保护（恢复）和公平分配作为利益共享从长期来看是可持续的共同首要任务的重要性，这与以经济发展为重点的短期观点相反。在历史上不信任的条件和相互依存的背景下，我们强调了利益共享与信任建立之间的相互重要的因果关系。为了使新安排具有弹性，