Drawing on evidence from the Philippines, this paper investigates the so-called penal populism thesis. Penal populism refers to an understanding of justice in which criminal and anti-social activity should be harshly punished. The paper tests whether support for harsh penal policies, including the use of extrajudicial killings, is associated with underlying populist attitudes and preferences for charismatic leadership. Since coming to power in 2016, President Rodrigo Duterte has waged a violent and highly popular campaign against drug-related criminality. Based on survey modules fielded in 2016 and 2017, the paper demonstrates a positive relationship between populist attitudes and support for the campaign against illegal drugs in general and the extra-judicial killing of suspected drug users and dealers in particular. It also demonstrates a relationship between belief in the charisma of Duterte and support for the campaign against illegal drugs. The implications of the theory and results for the fields of populism and penal populism research are discussed.

中文翻译：

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新的刑法民粹主义？罗德里戈·杜特尔特、公众舆论和菲律宾的毒品战争

本文借鉴菲律宾的证据，研究了所谓的刑事民粹主义论点。刑事民粹主义是指对正义的理解，在这种理解中，犯罪和反社会活动应受到严厉惩罚。该论文测试了对严厉刑事政策的支持，包括使用法外处决，是否与潜在的民粹主义态度和对魅力型领导的偏好有关。自 2016 年上台以来，罗德里戈·杜特尔特总统发起了一场针对毒品相关犯罪的暴力且广受欢迎的运动。基于 2016 年和 2017 年开展的调查模块，该论文证明了民粹主义态度与对打击非法毒品运动的支持，尤其是对涉嫌吸毒者和毒贩的法外处决之间存在正相关关系。它还表明了对杜特尔特魅力的信念与对打击非法毒品运动的支持之间的关系。讨论了该理论和结果对民粹主义和刑法民粹主义研究领域的影响。