Gift exchange within Maori society, underpinned by the notion of hau, is a favoured topic for anthropological research. Hau has become an international phenomenon due to its potential relevance to understanding gift economies in many non-monetary societies worldwide. However, the desire in anthropological and socioeconomic analyses to constantly redefine the concept of hau within the narrow context of gift exchange has led to a separation of hau as the life force from its Maori philosophical base and, moreover, to a separation of Maori from the philosophy of hau. This article attempts to provide an expansive, culturally grounded account of hau by bringing Maori voices to the forefront of this international discussion. The voices of Maori ancestors are privileged and kept alive through the oral literature of respected Maori leaders. Highlighted here is the dynamic interaction of hau with other life forces, and its interwoven philosophy that is nuanced according to a cosmological, spiritual and genealogically based worldview.

中文翻译：

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郝：向祖先表达声音

在hau观念的支持下，毛利人社会内部的礼物交换是人类学研究的热门话题。Hau之所以成为国际现象，是因为其与理解全球许多非货币社会中的礼物经济具有潜在的相关性。然而，人类学和社会经济分析的愿望是在礼物交换的狭义范围内不断重新定义“豪”的概念，这导致了“豪”作为生命力从其毛利人的哲学基础中分离出来，而且导致了毛利人从“毛利人”哲学中分离出来。豪哲学。本文试图通过将毛利人的声音带到这场国际讨论的最前沿来提供广泛的，以文化为基础的对豪的描述。毛利族祖先的声音通过受尊敬的毛利族领导人的口头文学而享有特权，并保持鲜活。