This essay explores four ways in which we believe truth can be found in painful experiences, even among those people who doubt that torture “works.” These endoxa, or commonplace beliefs, tap into deep human anxieties—about manhood, the maintenance of a just world, the meaning of suffering, and the possibility of transcending injustice. As such, they make it difficult for people to hear arguments against torture, including coerced interrogation. The essay suggests alternative ways of engaging these beliefs while acknowledging the challenge of dislodging them.

中文翻译：

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痛苦中有真理吗？

本文探讨了我们认为可以在痛苦的经历中找到真相的四种方法，即使是那些怀疑酷刑“行之有效”的人也是如此。这些内在信念（即普遍存在的信念）激起了人类的深切焦虑，涉及成年，维护正义世界，痛苦的意义以及超越不公正的可能性。因此，它们使人们很难听到反对酷刑的论点，包括强迫审讯。这篇文章提出了让这些信念参与其中的各种方法，同时也承认了摆脱这些信念的挑战。