A 31-year-old woman, with signs of HIV infection (oral thrush, weight loss, asthenia) presented to our hospital with dyspnea and fever. A rapid HIV test yielded a positive result, and cryptococcal capsular antigen was detected in serum. In the mycological study of the clinical respiratory samples, yeasts compatible with Cryptococcus were observed under light microscope in a wet mount; structures compatible with Pneumocystis jirovecii were also observed in Giemsa stain. Treatment for both pathologies was prescribed but, unfortunately, the patient died 7 days after. The finding of two etiologic agents in the same clinical picture is rare but not exceptional, and it always must be considered in immunocompromised hosts.

一名 31 岁女性，有 HIV 感染迹象（鹅口疮、体重减轻、虚弱），因呼吸困难和发热就诊于我院。HIV 快速检测结果呈阳性，血清中检测到隐球菌荚膜抗原。在临床呼吸道样本的真菌学研究中，在光学显微镜下在湿片上观察到了与隐球菌相容的酵母菌；在吉姆萨染色中也观察到了与Pneumocystis jirovecii相容的结构。对这两种病理都进行了治疗，但不幸的是，患者在 7 天后死亡。在同一临床表现中发现两种病原体是罕见的，但并非例外，在免疫功能低下的宿主中必须考虑到这一点。