While it is generally acknowledged that fascist movements tend to glorify the national past of the country in which they arise, sometimes, fascist regimes seek to resurrect a past even more ancient, and more glorious still; the turn towards ancient Greece and Rome. This phenomenon is particularly marked in the case of the two most powerful and indisputably ‘fascist’ regimes of all: Benito Mussolini’s Italy and Adolf Hitler’s Germany. The author suggests that this twin turn towards antiquity was no mere accident, but was rather motivated by certain commonalities in national experience. By placing these two fascist regimes alongside each other and considering their seduction by antique myths in tandem, it is argued that – without putting forward some kind of classicizing Sonderweg – we can better appreciate the historic rootedness of this particular form of ‘chronopolitics’ in a complex nexus of political and social causes, many of which lie far deeper than the traumatic events of the Great War and its aftermath.

中文翻译：

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墨索里尼的“第三罗马”，希特勒的第三帝国和上古的魅力：将长期政治经典化为对不稳定的民族认同的一种补救措施？

人们普遍承认，法西斯运动倾向于美化其发生国的民族历史，但有时，法西斯政权试图复活更古老，更光荣的过去。转向古希腊和罗马。这种现象在所有两个最强大和无可争辩的“法西斯”政权的情况下尤为明显：贝尼托·墨索里尼的意大利和阿道夫·希特勒的德国。作者认为，这对古代的双重转向并非偶然，而是出于国家经验中某些共同点的动机。通过将这两个法西斯政权并排放置，并考虑将它们一并被古老的神话所吸引，