On January 26, 1788 “a fleet of eleven vessels carrying 1,030 people, including 548 male and 188 female convicts,” entered Sydney Harbor, Australia (Hughes, R. [1987]. The Fatal Shore. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, p. 2). Most of these convicts were from London, and 431 of them were exiled or transported for minor theft (Hughes, 1987, p. 72), and were 35 years old or less. Typical among the crimes was that of Thomas Gearing, “who created a brief sensation in Oxford in 1786 by breaking into the chapel of Magdalen College and stealing some ecclesiastical plate. For this sacrilege, he was condemned to death, reprieved and then transported for life.” (Hughes, 1987, p. 73).

中文翻译：

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重罪犯被运往美国和澳大利亚

1788年1月26日，“由11艘船组成的舰队载着1,030人，其中包括548名男性和188名女性罪犯”进入了澳大利亚悉尼港（Hughes，R. [1987]。第2页）。这些罪犯大多数来自伦敦，其中有431人因轻微盗窃而被流放或运送（Hughes，1987年，第72页），年龄不超过35岁。其中最典型的罪行是托马斯·吉林（Thomas Gearing），“他于1786年闯入了玛格达琳学院的教堂并偷走了一些教堂的碟子，在牛津大学引起了短暂的轰动。对于这一牺牲，他被判处死刑，被判处死刑，然后被终身运送。” （Hughes，1987，第73页）。