WTO was established in 1995 and as many as 36 new members joined WTO until December 2017. Thus it would be interesting to see if new members have committed higher or lower levels of market opening compared to the original members. In this regard, a sophisticated scoring scheme is needed to quantify market opening commitments. After proper econometric model is established for the original members, same model can be applied to the new members for comparison. It was found that new members committed a much higher level of commitment than the original members. In addition, it was also found that transition economies committed higher levels than the non-transition economies. More interesting finding is that among the new members, the larger the economies or the larger the trading volume are, the closer was the level of commitment to the predicted level. Then the question is whether this difference was due to benign neglect by the new members or due to malign select by the original members.

中文翻译：

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良性忽视还是恶性选择？：GATS / WTO的入场费用

世界贸易组织成立于1995年，直到2017年12月，已有多达36个新成员加入世贸组织。因此，很有趣的是，新成员是否比原始成员承诺的市场开放程度更高或更低。在这方面，需要一种复杂的评分方案来量化市场开放承诺。在为原始成员建立适当的计量模型之后，可以将相同模型应用于新成员进行比较。发现新成员的承诺程度要比原始成员高得多。此外，还发现转型经济体的承诺水平高于非转型经济体。更有趣的发现是，在新成员中，经济规模越大或交易量越大，承诺水平越接近预期水平。