Planktonic foraminifera census data have been widely used to reconstruct changes in ocean ecosystems as well as ocean chemistry and circulation through calibration functions. Here we analyse new core-top census data from 22 sites in the western South Atlantic, improving the geographical coverage and spatial resolution of the environmental gradients from the region covered by the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence (˜38°S–53°W). We combine them with previous data to provide an up-to-date compilation of the western South Atlantic planktonic foraminifera–calibration data set. We study the relationship between the assemblages present in the core-top samples and the most dynamic environmental variables from the region to establish the environmental variable(s) more resolved by the assemblages. Therefore, we develop and assess a new calibration function using the data set and testing several statistical models at different water depths. Our results reveal that the distribution and abundance of the species in the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence region mainly reflect the influence of two environmental variables: the mixed layer temperature and mixed layer depth (57% of total variance). The most precise reconstructions were obtained when using sub-surface temperatures between 40 and 50 m water depth. The application of the calibration function to a Holocene sediment core at ˜37°S–53°W revealed mean annual sub-surface temperature reconstructions between 8°C and 11°C, confirming the northward displacement of the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence during the onset of the Holocene and suggesting a major influence of the Malvinas Current during the entire Holocene at the studied site.

中文翻译：

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巴西-马尔维纳斯汇合处的浮游有孔虫组合：南大西洋西部地下温度重建的古海洋学意义

浮游有孔虫普查数据已被广泛用于通过校准功能重建海洋生态系统以及海洋化学和环流的变化。在这里，我们分析了来自南大西洋西部 22 个地点的新核心顶部人口普查数据，提高了巴西-马尔维纳斯合流（~38°S-53°W）所覆盖区域的环境梯度的地理覆盖范围和空间分辨率。我们将它们与以前的数据相结合，以提供南大西洋西部浮游有孔虫校准数据集的最新汇编。我们研究了核心顶部样本中存在的组合与该地区最动态的环境变量之间的关系，以确定组合更能解决的环境变量。所以，我们使用数据集开发和评估新的校准函数，并在不同水深测试多个统计模型。我们的研究结果表明，巴西-马尔维纳斯汇流区物种的分布和丰度主要反映了两个环境变量的影响：混合层温度和混合层深度（占总方差的 57%）。当使用 40 和 50 m 水深之间的地下温度时，可以获得最精确的重建。将校准函数应用于~37°S-53°W 的全新世沉积岩芯揭示了 8°C 和 11°C 之间的年平均地下温度重建，