Abstract Trope theory is a leading metaphysical theory in analytic ontology. One of its classic statements is found in the work of Donald C. Williams who argued that tropes qua abstract particulars are the very alphabet of being. The concept of an abstract particular has been repeatedly attacked in the literature. Opponents and proponents of trope theory alike have levelled their criticisms at the abstractness of tropes and the associated act of abstraction. In this paper I defend the concept of a trope qua abstract particular by rejecting arguments that purport to show that tropes should not be understood as abstract and by arguing that the abstractness of tropes plays an indispensable role in one of our more promising trope-theoretic analyses of universals and of concrete objects.

中文翻译：

---

Trope理论中的抽象与抽象

摘要Trope理论是分析本体中一种领先的形而上学理论。唐纳德·威廉姆斯（Donald C. Williams）的著作中发现了它的经典说法之一，他辩称，抽象细节的比喻是存在的本质。抽象细节的概念在文献中屡遭抨击。斜视理论的反对者和拥护者都将对批评的抽象性和相关的抽象行为提出了批评。在本文中，我通过拒绝辩称声称不应该将比喻理解为抽象的论点，并辩称比喻的抽象性在我们更有希望的比喻理论分析中扮演着不可或缺的角色，来捍卫“抽象形式”的概念普遍性和具体对象。