ABSTRACT Roman Catholicism is most often imagined as an element of continuity in Poland’s turbulent history: even when a Polish state was absent from the map of Europe from the late eighteenth through early twentieth centuries, a recognizably ‘Polish’ church has been presumed to provide a robust institutional anchor for the Polish nation. This article, however, argues that the creation of a ‘Polish’ Roman Catholic church was a belated and protracted process, one that was only getting started in the years following the achievement of Polish independence in 1918. The church’s ‘Polonization’ was only partially a matter of emancipation from imperial-era restrictions. It often also involved the defence and attempted extrapolation of laws, practices and institutions that had developed under the auspices of the German, Austrian or Russian states and that the Catholic hierarchy viewed as healthy and desirable building blocks for a future Polish church. These imperial precedents continued to provide crucial points of reference in ongoing debates about what ‘Polish’ Catholicism was and what it should become.

中文翻译：

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从帝国到民族国家：在独立的波兰重建罗马天主教会

摘要 罗马天主教最常被认为是波兰动荡历史的延续元素：即使在 18 世纪末至 20 世纪初的欧洲地图上没有波兰国家，人们也认为一个可识别的“波兰”教堂提供了一个波兰民族强大的制度支柱。然而，这篇文章认为，“波兰”罗马天主教堂的建立是一个姗姗来迟的过程，在 1918 年波兰独立后的几年才开始。教会的“波兰化”只是部分从帝国时代的限制中解放出来的问题。它还经常涉及辩护和试图推断在德国人主持下发展起来的法律、惯例和制度，奥地利或俄罗斯国家以及天主教等级制度视为未来波兰教会健康和理想的基石。在关于“波兰”天主教是什么以及它应该成为什么的持续辩论中，这些帝国先例继续提供关键的参考点。