ABSTRACT The book of remedies Rafaʾel ha-Malʾakh appeared in Hebrew at the beginning of the twentieth century. Its author, rabbi Yehuda Yudl Rosenberg, a man shaped by traditional Judaism and Hasidism, set himself the goal of creating a practical medical guide addressed to the poorer sections of the Jewish population in Russian Poland. In his work he included a diverse body of material representing a number of often conflicting views on the human body. The aim of this article is to explore the main elements shaping the ideas contained in the guide, with particular emphasis on Rosenberg’s traditionalist views, which is echoed in early-modern medical publications and in ethnographic collections from the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Alongside the pathology of the four humors, the most influential medical theory until the rise of modern medicine, Rosenberg’s belief in the relationship between health and the spiritual life of man will be examined through an analysis of the advice provided in Rafaʾel ha-Malʾakh. Moreover, the article draws attention to Rosenberg’s dialogue with modernity and seeks to answer the question whether this handbook advocated a modern approach towards the treatment of illness.

中文翻译：

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20 世纪治疗书中对人体的看法，Rafaʾel ha-Malʾakh

摘要 治疗书 Rafaʾel ha-Malʾakh 出现在二十世纪初的希伯来语中。它的作者，拉比 Yehuda Yudl Rosenberg，一个受传统犹太教和哈西德主义塑造的人，他设定的目标是为俄罗斯波兰的犹太人口中的贫困部分创建实用的医疗指南。在他的作品中，他包含了各种各样的材料，代表了许多关于人体的经常相互冲突的观点。本文的目的是探索塑造指南中包含的思想的主要元素，特别强调罗森伯格的传统主义观点，这些观点在 19 世纪和 20 世纪之交的早期现代医学出版物和人种学收藏中得到了呼应。除了四种体液的病理学，作为现代医学兴起之前最具影响力的医学理论，罗森伯格对健康与人类精神生活之间关系的信念将通过对 Rafaʾel ha-Malʾakh 中提供的建议的分析来检验。此外，文章还提请注意罗森伯格与现代性的对话，并试图回答本手册是否提倡采用现代方法治疗疾病的问题。