ABSTRACT The history of daily university life is increasingly garnering the attention of contemporary scholars. This paper focuses on providing a general estimate of the total expenses of a medieval European university student, as well as the proportions of each major expense item. Generally speaking, at medieval European universities, the various expenses for room and board, obtaining a degree, and tuition accounted for the majority of university student expenditures, while the high annual registration fees that students at modern universities pay at the start of term were nearly negligible in the medieval era. Furthermore, the expenses of university students varied by era, region, major, and social class. Universities often collected fees on the principle of wealth differentiation, thus allowing both rich and poor students access to approximately equal educational opportunities. Donations and financial assistance by religious and secular leaders and the wealthy also contributed to the students’ completion of a university education. It is clear that the overall reduction of fees was not the only path to allow poor students to enter university and complete their studies: this could also be achieved by mitigating some portion of the fees, or exempting poor students altogether. However, in medieval Europe, the costs of attending university were generally quite high, and the majority of university students were the scions of a wealthy minority.

中文翻译：

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欧洲中世纪大学生的学杂费研究

摘要每天大学生活的历史越来越受到当代学者的关注。本文着重于提供对中世纪欧洲大学生总费用以及每个主要费用项目所占比例的一般估算。一般而言，在中世纪的欧洲大学中，食宿，获得学位和学费的各种费用占大学生支出的大部分，而现代大学的学生在学期开始时支付的高额年度注册费几乎是在中世纪可以忽略不计。此外，大学生的费用因年龄，地区，专业和社会阶层而异。大学经常根据财富差异化原则收取费用，因此，无论贫富学生都可以享受到几乎平等的教育机会。宗教和世俗领袖以及富人的捐赠和财政援助也为学生完成大学教育做出了贡献。显然，全面降低学费并不是让贫困学生进入大学并完成学业的唯一途径：这还可以通过减轻部分学费或完全免除贫困学生来实现。但是，在中世纪的欧洲，上大学的费用通常很高，大多数大学生是少数富人的接班人。显然，全面降低学费并不是让贫困学生进入大学并完成学业的唯一途径：这还可以通过减轻部分学费或完全免除贫困学生来实现。但是，在中世纪的欧洲，上大学的费用通常很高，大多数大学生是少数富人的接班人。显然，全面降低学费并不是让贫困学生进入大学并完成学业的唯一途径：这还可以通过减轻部分学费或完全免除贫困学生来实现。但是，在中世纪的欧洲，上大学的费用通常很高，大多数大学生是少数富人的接班人。