ABSTRACT In 1893, the world-famous mathematician Felix Klein proposed the principle of “interaction of theory and practice” after attending the Chicago World’s Fair. This principle allowed the natural sciences at the University of Göttingen to break the “distinction between pure science and its practical applications,” adapting to the true requirements of this “Scientific and Industrial Age.” On this foundation, the University of Göttingen fully exploited the freedom of movement and freedom of competition for talented people, recruiting the top natural scientists to establish the famous “Göttingen School.” In addition, its rigorous academic atmosphere and excellent scholarly traditions allowed it to achieve great development of the natural sciences, even as its position fell with regard to the humanities and the social sciences: the University of Göttingen fully earned the title of “world-class university,” giving rise to the “brilliant Göttingen era” in the history of education and scientific development.

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哥廷根大学的历史研究

摘要1893年，举世闻名的数学家费利克斯·克莱因（Felix Klein）参加了芝加哥世界博览会，提出了“理论与实践的互动”原则。这一原理使哥廷根大学的自然科学打破了“纯粹科学与实际应用之间的区别”，从而适应了“科学和工业时代”的真正要求。在此基础上，哥廷根大学充分利用了人才的行动自由和竞争自由，招募了顶尖的自然科学家来建立著名的“哥廷根学校”。此外，其严格的学术氛围和卓越的学术传统使它在自然科学方面取得了长足的发展，即使它在人文和社会科学方面的地位下降了：