This article examines the ‘Alphabet’ series of prototype rifles which were developed at Winchester between 1912 and 1934, ultimately culminating in the Models 54 and 70. Drawing upon original research conducted in the Winchester archive at the Cody Firearms Museum and through physical examination of extant ‘Alphabet’ rifles, the authors have been able to more fully map the lineage of the influential Model 70 and its predecessors and, in particular, clearly articulate the connection this American icon shares with the famous Mauser rifles of 1871—1898.

中文翻译：

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美国运动毛瑟之路：检查温彻斯特“字母”系列步枪

本文考察了 1912 年至 1934 年间在温彻斯特开发的“字母”系列步枪原型，最终开发出了 54 型和 70 型。 'Alphabet' 步枪，作者能够更全面地描绘有影响力的 Model 70 及其前身的谱系，特别是清楚地阐明了这个美国偶像与 1871-1898 年著名的毛瑟步枪的联系。