We review research on personality/religiousness associations, integrating earlier meta-analyses with recent large-sample online studies. We find that general religiousness shows small positive associations with broad personality factors (e.g. HEXACO Honesty-Humility, Big Five Agreeableness, Conscientiousness) and somewhat stronger positive associations with narrower personality traits involving prosocial tendencies (e.g. altruism, fairness, forgivingness). The link between religiousness and prosociality appears not to be an artifact of self-report method variance. Religious fundamentalism and spirituality show negative and positive associations, respectively, with the Openness factor of personality. Religiousness/personality associations tend to be weak in relatively non-religious countries but moderately strong in highly religious countries. The direction of causal influence between personality and religiousness is not yet clear. Religiousness shows modest negative associations with IQ and appears to be somewhat negatively related to scientific thinking.

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人格/宗教协会回顾

我们回顾了关于人格/宗教关联的研究，将早期的元分析与最近的大样本在线研究相结合。我们发现，一般的宗教信仰与广泛的人格因素（例如 HEXACO 诚实谦逊、大五和蔼可亲、尽责性）显示出较小的积极关联，而与涉及亲社会倾向的狭义人格特征（例如利他主义、公平、宽容）有更强的积极关联。宗教性和亲社会性之间的联系似乎不是自我报告方法差异的产物。宗教原教旨主义和灵性分别与人格的开放性因素显示出消极和积极的联系。宗教/人格关联在相对非宗教的国家往往较弱，但在高度宗教的国家中强度中等。人格与宗教之间的因果影响方向尚不清楚。宗教信仰与智商有适度的负面关联，似乎与科学思维呈负相关。