ABSTRACT Sergei Zalygin's (1913–2000) autobiographical Ekologicheskii roman (‘An Environmental Novel’, 1993) tells the story of a Soviet water engineer and ecologist Nikolai Golubev between the Russian Civil War and the aftermath of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster. The protagonist is repeatedly confronted with state modernization efforts, especially on issues related to harnessing major rivers. My paper examines from an ecocritical point of view how the conflicts and dialogues between the government representatives and the main character relate to the development of Russian environmental thinking. I argue that the protagonist's relationship with his environment follows Lev Berg's almost Schellingian concept of geographical landscapes, while the state authorities typically represent Andrei Grigor’ev's ideas, based on dialectical materialism and the Stalinist interpretation of Engels's dialectics of nature. The failure to understand the significance of Vladimir Vernadskii's concept of the noosphere, the precursor of the Anthropocene, is central in the novel's critique of the Soviet state's so-called amelioration of the natural environment.

中文翻译：

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行星水上的人类世。谢尔盖·扎雷金 (Sergei Zalygin) 的 Ekologicheskii roman 中关于河流和地理的竞争观点

摘要 Sergei Zalygin（1913-2000）的自传Ekologicheskii roman（“环境小说”，1993 年）讲述了苏联水工程师和生态学家尼古拉·戈卢别夫（Nikolai Golubev）在俄罗斯内战和切尔诺贝利核灾难后果之间的故事。主人公一再面临国家现代化的努力，特别是在与治理大河有关的问题上。我的论文从生态批判的角度考察了政府代表与主角之间的冲突和对话如何与俄罗斯环境思想的发展相关。我认为主角与其环境的关系遵循列夫·伯格几乎谢林式的地理景观概念，而国家当局通常代表安德烈·格里戈尔耶夫的想法，基于辩证唯物主义和斯大林主义对恩格斯自然辩证法的解释。未能理解弗拉基米尔·韦尔纳茨基 (Vladimir Vernadskii) 的人类世 (Anthropocene) 前身精神圈概念的重要性，是小说批评苏联国家所谓的自然环境改善的核心所在。