Our aim is to shed light on the relationships between research, knowledge, and policy in the case of goitre and the use of iodine as a preventive measure against it in Norway from the 1850s onward. Goitre was previously widespread in certain areas of Norway, but disappeared around 1950. After many decades of silence about goitre and iodine, an expert report in 2016 argued that action should be taken to prevent iodine deficiency. Already in 1927, an international conference on goitre led to the agreement that the best preventive measure against goitre was to fortify table salt with iodine. The conference had Norwegian participants, but Norwegian health authorities did not follow the recommendations from the conference. To understand why new knowledge and recommendations did not result in new policy, we explore the history of Norwegian research on goitre and iodine, and Norwegian contributions to and the inspiration from international research in the field. Furthermore, we analyse the measures for the prevention and curing of goitre that have been implemented by authorities over time. The preventive measures introduced in Norway from the 1930s were very modest and differed from those in other countries. We argue for the importance of analysing the political context to understand the success or failure of advice given by researchers to policymakers.

中文翻译：

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挪威甲状腺肿和碘的研究、知识和政策（1850-2016）

我们的目标是阐明甲状腺肿的研究、知识和政策与 1850 年代以来挪威使用碘作为预防甲状腺肿的措施之间的关系。甲状腺肿以前在挪威的某些地区很普遍，但在 1950 年左右消失了。 在对甲状腺肿和碘保持沉默几十年后，2016 年的一份专家报告认为应该采取行动预防碘缺乏症。早在 1927 年，关于甲状腺肿的国际会议就达成共识，即预防甲状腺肿的最佳措施是在食盐中添加碘。会议有挪威人参加，但挪威卫生当局没有遵循会议的建议。了解为什么新知识和建议没有产生新政策，我们探索了挪威甲状腺肿和碘研究的历史，以及挪威对该领域国际研究的贡献和灵感。此外，我们分析了当局长期以来实施的预防和治疗甲状腺肿的措施。挪威从 1930 年代开始采取的预防措施非常温和，与其他国家不同。我们认为分析政治背景以了解研究人员向政策制定者提供建议的成败的重要性。挪威从 1930 年代开始采取的预防措施非常温和，与其他国家不同。我们认为分析政治背景以了解研究人员向政策制定者提供建议的成败的重要性。挪威从 1930 年代开始采取的预防措施非常温和，与其他国家不同。我们认为分析政治背景以了解研究人员向政策制定者提供建议的成败的重要性。