In this article, I examine key passages from the Aš῾arite theologian Faḫr al- Dīn al-Rāzī’s (d. 606/1210) final work, Al-Maṭālib al-῾āliya (“ The lofty inquiries ”), in order to theorize Rāzī’s cosmology and angelology. In his attempt to prove the existence of these beings, Rāzī divides reality into material and intelligible realms. Angels, which signify the celestial intellects and spheres, exist as non-space-occupying beings and represent an aspect of the intelligible world. Of these, some are associated with celestial bodies, and others are entirely unassociated with materiality. I then present evidence for the possibility that Rāzī believed that these celestial spiritual beings are pre-eternal with God. These positions indicate a certain degree of conceptual continuity with the falsafa tradition, and reflect al-Ġazālī’s (d. 505/1111) previous integration of the philosophical structure of reality into some of his texts. Additionally, one may look to other philosophical currents that developed in the Islamic world beyond the falāsifa, and connect Rāzī’s cosmology to both the Hermetic tradition and the Epistles of the Iḫwān al-Ṣafā᾿.

中文翻译：

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如同水滴在他们的海洋中：通过本体论的天使学在 FAḪR AL-DĪN AL-RĀZĪ 的 AL-MAṬĀLIB AL-῾ĀLIYA

在本文中，我检查了 Aš῾arite 神学家 Faḫr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 606/1210) 的最后著作中的关键段落，Al-Maṭālib al-῾āliya（《崇高的询问》），以理论化拉齐的宇宙论和天使论。为了证明这些生物的存在，Rāzī 将现实分为物质和可理解的领域。天使，象征着天上的智慧和领域，作为非占据空间的生物存在，代表了可理解世界的一个方面。其中，有些与天体有关，而另一些则完全与物质无关。然后，我提出证据证明拉齐相信这些天上的灵性存在与上帝同在之前是永恒的。这些立场表明了一定程度的概念连续性法尔萨法传统，并反映 al-Ġazālī (d. 505/1111) 先前将现实的哲学结构整合到他的一些文本中。此外，人们还可以看看伊斯兰世界发展起来的其他哲学思潮。法拉西法，并将拉齐的宇宙论与赫尔墨斯传统和书信Iḫwān al-Ṣafā᾿。