The World Health Organization (WHO) indicates that the proportion of the elderly will soon include nearly a quarter of the world population. Ensuring that health systems are prepared to deal with this phenomenal rate of aging and associated diseases generates many challenges. Among these challenges is facing Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) that may occur at some point in the elderly life and may harm societies. AD is considered a neurological, psychological, mental, and health setback. The Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) can improve patient care and support many medical functions, such as diagnosing diseases that can reduce preventable harm. This research’s main objective is to design, implement, and evaluate the Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis Ontology (ADDO). It is a comprehensive semantic knowledge base toward the development of fuzzy ontology-based CDSS for AD diagnosis. ADDO can serve as a core component of CDSS, which provides representation, annotation, and access to aspects related to AD’s study and diagnosis. Toward the management of this objective, ADDO is based on the essentials of the Open Biomedical Ontology (OBO) and follows the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) and the Ontology for General Medical Sciences (OGMS) principles. ADDO focuses on representing the patient characteristics, complications, drugs, diagnosis examination tests, and key aspects of their periodic visits in a standard way. The possibility of semantic interoperability is taken into account by integrating ADDO and a heterogeneous AD dataset. We used ADNI as a case study to mapping a set of real instances. To manage the medical domain’s uncertainty, ADDO is extended to fuzzy ontology to accommodate the medical linguistic variables and enhance diagnosis results’ efficiency. ADDO is constructed using Protégé 5.5.0 software and evaluated using the HermiT reasoner and SPARQL semantic queries. ADDO currently includes 7060 concepts, 99 properties, 46274 axioms, and 30708 annotations. As a result, ADDO is consistent and more reliable in managing most AD aspects than other existing AD ontologies.

中文翻译：

---

一种基于模糊本体的综合决策支持系统，用于阿尔茨海默病的诊断

世界卫生组织（WHO）指出，老年人的比例很快将占世界人口的近四分之一。确保卫生系统已准备好应对这种惊人的衰老率和相关疾病，这带来了许多挑战。在这些挑战中，面临的老年痴呆症（AD）可能会在老年人的某个时刻发生，并可能危害社会。AD被认为是神经，心理，精神和健康方面的挫折。临床决策支持系统（CDSS）可以改善患者护理并支持许多医疗功能，例如诊断可以减少可预防伤害的疾病。这项研究的主要目的是设计，实施和评估阿尔茨海默氏病诊断本体论（ADDO）。它是针对基于模糊本体的CDSS用于AD诊断的全面语义知识基础。ADDO可以用作CDSS的核心组件，它提供表示，注释以及对与AD的研究和诊断有关的方面的访问。为了实现此目标，ADDO基于开放式生物医学本体论（OBO）的要点，并遵循基本形式本体论（BFO）和普通医学科学本体论（OGMS）原则。ADDO专注于以标准方式表示患者的特征，并发症，药物，诊断检查测试以及他们定期就诊的关键方面。通过集成ADDO和异构AD数据集，可以考虑语义互操作性的可能性。我们使用ADNI作为案例研究来映射一组真实实例。为了管理医学领域的不确定性，ADDO扩展到模糊本体，以适应医学语言变量并提高诊断结果的效率。ADDO使用Protégé5.5.0软件构建，并使用HermiT推理程序和SPARQL语义查询进行评估。ADDO当前包括7060个概念，99个属性，46274个公理和30708个注释。结果，与其他现有的AD本体相比，ADDO在管理大多数AD方面方面是一致且可靠的。