Given its prevalence and impact, it is important that prejudice against sexual- and gender identity minorities is reduced and that negative behaviors against these minorities are prevented. We introduce and provide a definition of the term Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Prejudice (SOGIP), and discuss its determinants and configurations as well as ways to measure it. Furthermore, we review the recent social psychological literature on SOGIP-reducing interventions, identify scientific knowledge gaps regarding these interventions, and offer recommendations on how to apply the available knowledge to real-life situations. We conclude that there are many interventions currently being employed to target SOGIP with some seeming more effective than others. Particularly promising interventions are those aimed at evoking empathy and perspective taking and those aimed at developing alliances between minority and majority members. However, there is still room for improvement. Overall, little empirical evidence speaks to the robustness of intervention effects, the underlying mechanisms, the duration of effects, and boundary conditions of interventions. Researchers should focus on all aspects of SOGIP (i.e., sexual orientation prejudice as well as gender identity prejudice); different expressions of prejudice (i.e., blatant and subtle), actual behavior towards minorities, and on both perpetrators and targets of prejudice. By joining forces, researchers and practitioners should aim to overcome practical and theoretical obstacles in evaluating the effectiveness of interventions. Policy makers should support initiatives that test, improve, implement and distribute intervention programs, and can help bring together researchers and practitioners.

中文翻译：

---

减少公然和微妙的性取向和性别认同偏见的干预措施：当前知识和未来方向

考虑到其普遍性和影响力，重要的是减少对性少数和性别认同少数群体的偏见，并防止对这些少数群体的负面行为。我们介绍并提供了“性取向和性别认同偏见”（SOGIP）一词的定义，并讨论了其决定因素和配置以及度量方法。此外，我们回顾了有关减少SOGIP干预措施的最新社会心理学文献，确定了有关这些干预措施的科学知识差距，并就如何将可用知识应用于现实生活中提供了建议。我们得出的结论是，目前有许多针对SOGIP的干预措施，其中一些似乎比其他措施更有效。特别有希望的干预措施是旨在引起同情心和观点认同的干预措施，以及旨在发展少数群体和多数成员之间的联盟的干预措施。但是，仍有改进的空间。总体而言，很少有经验证据可以证明干预效果的鲁棒性，潜在的机制，效果的持续时间以及干预的边界条件。研究人员应关注SOGIP的各个方面（即性取向偏见和性别认同偏见）；偏见的不同表达方式（即公然和微妙），针对少数群体的实际行为以及偏见的肇事者和目标。通过合力，研究人员和从业人员应致力于克服在评估干预措施有效性方面的实践和理论障碍。